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Aluminum has become the material of choice for overhead transmission lines, surpassing copper due to its abundance and cost-effectiveness. The most prevalent type is the aluminum conductor, steel-reinforced (ACSR), which combines aluminum strands around a steel core. Other variants include all-aluminum conductors (AAC), all-aluminum alloy conductors (AAAC), aluminum conductor alloy-reinforced (ACAR), and aluminum-clad steel conductors. Advanced designs, such as aluminum conductors with steel...
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Ring-core few-mode fiber for tunable true time delay line operation.

Sergi García, Rubén Guillem, Ivana Gasulla

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    |November 6, 2019
    PubMed
    Summary

    We demonstrate tunable true time delay lines using few-mode fiber for radiofrequency signals. This innovation enables reconfigurable signal processing in microwave photonics, enhancing applications like phased array antennas.

    Area of Science:

    • Photonics
    • Optical Communications
    • Signal Processing

    Background:

    • True time delay lines are crucial for radiofrequency signal processing.
    • Few-mode fibers offer potential for advanced optical signal manipulation.
    • Reconfigurable microwave photonics requires precise control over signal delays.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and investigate a tunable true time delay line (TTDL) for radiofrequency signals.
    • To explore the use of few-mode fiber (FMF) and long period gratings (LPGs) for TTDL implementation.
    • To evaluate the performance of the designed TTDL in reconfigurable microwave photonics signal processing.

    Main Methods:

    • Custom design of a 7-LP-mode ring-core few-mode fiber.
    • Inscribing a set of 5 broadband long period gratings at specific positions along the FMF.

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  • Theoretical evaluation of the TTDL for microwave signal filtering and optical beamforming.

    • Main Results:

    • Achieved 4-sample true time delay line tunability.
    • Demonstrated tunability over a 20-nm optical wavelength range.
    • Validated the TTDL's suitability for reconfigurable microwave photonics applications.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed FMF-based TTDL offers a novel approach for radiofrequency signal processing.
    • This technology enables flexible and reconfigurable microwave photonic systems.
    • Potential applications include advanced phased array antennas and signal filtering.