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Large mode area microstructured fiber supporting 56 super-OAM modes.

Wei Wang, Hai-Dong Xu, Qi-Hao Yang

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    We introduce a novel super-mode orbital angular momentum microstructured fiber (SM-OAM-MSF) capable of supporting 56 super-OAM modes. This design achieves a large mode area and significant index separation for advanced optical communication applications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optical Fiber Communications
    • Photonics
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes offer increased spectral efficiency in optical communications.
    • Microstructured fibers (MSFs) enable novel light manipulation but often face challenges in supporting a large number of OAM modes with sufficient separation.
    • Existing methods for generating OAM modes in MSFs can be complex and may not achieve large mode areas simultaneously.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and theoretically analyze a novel super-mode orbital angular momentum microstructured fiber (SM-OAM-MSF).
    • To demonstrate the simultaneous achievement of a large mode area and substantial index separation for super-OAM (SOAM) modes.
    • To investigate the generation mechanism and supporting capabilities of SOAM modes in the proposed fiber design.

    Main Methods:

    • Introducing 20 Ge-doped equiangular cylindrical inclusions in the ring-core region of the MSF.
    • Employing a mode coupling mechanism for the formation of SOAM modes from degenerated super-modes (SMs).
    • Utilizing theoretical analysis and numerical simulations to study mode properties and fiber parameters.

    Main Results:

    • The proposed SM-OAM-MSF supports 56 SOAM modes above 1.0µm, originating from HE1,1 and HE2,1 modes.
    • Achieved a maximum mode area (Aeff) of 638.88µm² at 1.55µm, approximately eight times larger than conventional ring-core MSFs.
    • Demonstrated high mode purity (up to 99.86% for SOAM±2,1±,5) and an effective index difference (Δneff) greater than 1.0×10⁻⁴ between adjacent SOAM groups.

    Conclusions:

    • The novel SM-OAM-MSF design effectively generates and supports a large number of SOAM modes with high purity.
    • The fiber parameters, particularly those of individual cores, significantly influence the effective index difference between SOAM groups.
    • This research presents a promising approach for advancing high-capacity optical communication systems through enhanced OAM mode management in MSFs.