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Refractive index sensor based on etched eccentric core few-mode fiber dual-mode interferometer.

Min Yang, Jing Yang, Chunying Guan

    Optics Express
    |November 6, 2019
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study presents a highly sensitive refractive index (RI) sensor using an eccentric core few-mode fiber (ECFMF) dual-mode interferometer (DMI). The novel sensor shows great potential for chemical and biological applications due to its superior performance.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optoelectronics
    • Fiber Optics Sensing
    • Interferometry

    Background:

    • Refractive index (RI) sensors are crucial for detecting changes in chemical and biological environments.
    • Dual-mode interferometers (DMIs) offer a platform for high-sensitivity sensing.
    • Eccentric core few-mode fibers (ECFMFs) provide unique modal properties for interference-based sensing.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To theoretically and experimentally demonstrate a compact and highly sensitive RI sensor.
    • To investigate the performance of a DMI based on an etched ECFMF for RI sensing.
    • To compare the RI sensitivity of core-core mode interference with core-cladding mode interference.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of a DMI by fusion splicing an etched ECFMF with single-mode fibers (SMFs) using a lateral offset.
    • Utilizing the interference between LP01 and LP11 modes within the ECFMF core.
    • Characterizing the sensor's response to changes in refractive index and temperature.

    Main Results:

    • The etched ECFMF-DMI based on core-core mode interference achieved a high RI sensitivity of 2565.2 nm/RIU around RI 1.4.
    • The sensor exhibited low temperature sensitivities: 9.6 pm/°C for etched and 33.1 pm/°C for unetched configurations.
    • Core-core mode interference demonstrated superior RI sensitivity compared to core-cladding mode interference.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed etched ECFMF-DMI offers excellent RI sensing capabilities with high sensitivity and low temperature cross-sensitivity.
    • This sensor technology holds significant promise for advanced applications in the chemical and biological fields.
    • The core-core mode interference approach in ECFMF provides a robust platform for next-generation RI sensors.