Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Group Polarization01:01

Group Polarization

38.3K
Group polarization is the strengthening of an original group attitude following the discussion of views within a group (Teger & Pruitt, 1967). That is, if a group initially favors a viewpoint, after discussion the group consensus is likely a stronger endorsement of the viewpoint. Conversely, if the group was initially opposed to a viewpoint, group discussion would likely lead to stronger opposition.
38.3K
Biasing of P-N Junction01:16

Biasing of P-N Junction

1.7K
The operation of a p-n junction diode involves various biasing conditions, including forward bias, reverse bias, and equilibrium.
In equilibrium, no external voltage is applied across the p-n junction. The depletion region is formed at the junction interface due to the diffusion of carriers, which leaves behind charged dopants, acceptors on the p-side, and donors on the n-side. These immobile charges create an electric field that prevents further diffusion of carriers. The related energy band...
1.7K
Biasing of FET01:22

Biasing of FET

637
Biasing a Junction Field Effect Transistor (JFET) is crucial for setting operational parameters and ensuring efficient functioning in electronic circuits. JFETs are characterized by using a single carrier type in N-channel or P-channel configurations, where the channel is surrounded by PN junctions. These junctions are central to the device's ability to control current flow.
In an N-channel JFET, the structure consists of N-type material forming the channel on a P-type substrate, with the...
637
Biasing of Metal-Semiconductor Junctions01:27

Biasing of Metal-Semiconductor Junctions

506
Biasing metal-semiconductor junctions involves applying a voltage across the junction. Specifically, the metal is connected to a voltage source, while the semiconductor is grounded. This technique is essential for controlling the direction and magnitude of current flow in electronic devices, including diodes, transistors, and photovoltaic cells.
In Schottky junctions, where the semiconductor is n-type, applying a positive voltage to the metal relative to the semiconductor reduces its Fermi...
506
Small-Signal Analysis of MOSFET Amplifiers01:23

Small-Signal Analysis of MOSFET Amplifiers

1.0K
In small-signal analysis, a MOSFET transistor amplifier acts as a linear amplifier when operating in its saturation region. The gate-to-source voltage (VGS) of the MOSFET is the sum of the DC biasing voltage and the small time-varying input signal. This combination sets up the operating point and modulates the drain current (ID) that flows from the drain to the source. When a small AC signal is superimposed on the DC bias voltage at the gate, the instantaneous drain current comprises three...
1.0K
Potential Due to a Polarized Object01:29

Potential Due to a Polarized Object

693
A neutral atom consists of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by a negatively charged electron cloud. When placed in an external electric field, the external electric force pulls the electrons and nucleus apart, opposite to the intrinsic attraction between the nucleus and the electrons. The opposing forces balance each other with a slight shift between the center of masses of the nucleus and the electron cloud, resulting in a polarized atom. On the other hand, a few molecules, like water,...
693

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A probe-free electrochemical immunosensor for methyl jasmonate based on ferrocene functionalized-carboxylated graphene-multi-walled carbon nanotube nanocomposites.

Talanta·2021
Same author

Long-Term Kidney Outcomes Following Dialysis-Treated Childhood Acute Kidney Injury: A Population-Based Cohort Study.

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN·2021
Same author

Synergistic regulation of methylation and SP1 on MAGE-D4 transcription in glioma.

American journal of translational research·2021
Same author

Incidence of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events and Cardiac Mortality in High-Risk Kidney-Only and Simultaneous Pancreas-Kidney Transplant Recipients.

Kidney international reports·2021
Same author

The laterodorsal tegmentum-ventral tegmental area circuit controls depression-like behaviors by activating ErbB4 in DA neurons.

Molecular psychiatry·2021
Same author

Frequency splicing code-based Brillouin optical time domain collider for fast dynamic measurement.

Optics express·2021

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 4, 2026

Automation of Mode Locking in a Nonlinear Polarization Rotation Fiber Laser through Output Polarization Measurements
14:18

Automation of Mode Locking in a Nonlinear Polarization Rotation Fiber Laser through Output Polarization Measurements

Published on: February 28, 2016

11.8K

Polarization push-pull effect-based gain fluctuation elimination in Golay-BOTDA.

Yin Zhou, Lianshan Yan, Zonglei Li

    Optics Express
    |November 6, 2019
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    A new hybrid polarization pulling and pushing (HPPP) method effectively eliminates Brillouin gain fluctuations in fiber optic sensors. This technique significantly improves the accuracy of Brillouin optical time domain analysis (BOTDA) systems.

    More Related Videos

    Gain-compensation Methodology for a Sinusoidal Scan of a Galvanometer Mirror in Proportional-Integral-Differential Control Using Pre-emphasis Techniques
    09:01

    Gain-compensation Methodology for a Sinusoidal Scan of a Galvanometer Mirror in Proportional-Integral-Differential Control Using Pre-emphasis Techniques

    Published on: April 4, 2017

    9.0K
    A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
    07:56

    A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

    Published on: September 5, 2019

    8.9K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jan 4, 2026

    Automation of Mode Locking in a Nonlinear Polarization Rotation Fiber Laser through Output Polarization Measurements
    14:18

    Automation of Mode Locking in a Nonlinear Polarization Rotation Fiber Laser through Output Polarization Measurements

    Published on: February 28, 2016

    11.8K
    Gain-compensation Methodology for a Sinusoidal Scan of a Galvanometer Mirror in Proportional-Integral-Differential Control Using Pre-emphasis Techniques
    09:01

    Gain-compensation Methodology for a Sinusoidal Scan of a Galvanometer Mirror in Proportional-Integral-Differential Control Using Pre-emphasis Techniques

    Published on: April 4, 2017

    9.0K
    A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
    07:56

    A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

    Published on: September 5, 2019

    8.9K

    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Fiber Optic Sensing Technology
    • Signal Processing in Optical Communications

    Background:

    • Brillouin optical time domain analysis (BOTDA) is a crucial technique for distributed fiber sensing.
    • Brillouin gain fluctuations degrade the accuracy of BOTDA systems.
    • Conventional methods for mitigating gain fluctuations, such as polarization switching, are often limited by probe state of polarization (SOP) deviations.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and experimentally validate a novel hybrid polarization pulling and pushing (HPPP) scheme for eliminating Brillouin gain fluctuations.
    • To address the limitations of existing methods caused by SOP deviations in BOTDA sensors.
    • To enhance the performance and reliability of Golay-coded BOTDA systems.

    Main Methods:

    • Development of a hybrid polarization pulling and pushing (HPPP) technique.
    • Experimental demonstration of the HPPP scheme in a Golay-coded BOTDA fiber sensor.
    • Analysis of probe SOP evolution under polarization pulling and pushing effects.
    • Utilizing the identical SOP evolution characteristics of orthogonal polarization pumps for Stokes and anti-Stokes components.

    Main Results:

    • The proposed HPPP method effectively eliminates Brillouin gain fluctuations.
    • Experimental results show a significant reduction in gain fluctuation, falling to one-eighth compared to conventional gain-only schemes.
    • The HPPP method overcomes the degradation issues caused by SOP deviation observed in polarization switching techniques.

    Conclusions:

    • The novel HPPP method offers a robust solution for mitigating Brillouin gain fluctuations in BOTDA systems.
    • This technique enhances the accuracy and stability of fiber optic sensing.
    • The findings pave the way for more reliable and precise distributed fiber sensing applications.