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Relapse prevention interventions for smoking cessation.

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Extended varenicline and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) show promise in preventing smoking relapse. Behavioral interventions were not effective, but more research is needed for NRT in unassisted quitters.

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Area of Science:

  • Addiction Medicine
  • Public Health
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Many smokers relapse after initial quit attempts, necessitating effective relapse prevention strategies.
  • Interventions are crucial to help individuals maintain smoking cessation long-term.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of specific interventions in preventing relapse among recent smokers.
  • To determine if relapse prevention strategies reduce the rate of return to smoking.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials.
  • Inclusion of studies with a minimum six-month follow-up, comparing relapse prevention interventions against controls or enhanced cessation programs.

Main Results:

  • Extended varenicline and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) in assisted quitters showed a benefit in preventing relapse.
  • Behavioral interventions did not demonstrate a significant effect in preventing relapse across various populations.
  • Mixed results were observed for extended bupropion and NRT in assisted quitters, with some evidence suggesting a benefit for NRT in unassisted quitters.

Conclusions:

  • Extended varenicline therapy is a moderately certain intervention for preventing relapse in assisted quitters.
  • Behavioral interventions lack evidence of effectiveness for relapse prevention in assisted quitters.
  • Further research is warranted, particularly for extended NRT in unassisted quitters, due to mixed findings.