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Home-Based Prescribed Pulmonary Exercise in Patients with Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
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Exercise interventions for smoking cessation.

Michael H Ussher1,2, Guy E J Faulkner3, Kathryn Angus2

  • 1St George's, University of London, Population Health Research Institute, Cranmer Terrace, London, UK, SW17 0RE.

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|November 6, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Regular exercise may aid smoking cessation by reducing withdrawal symptoms and cravings. However, current evidence suggests exercise combined with cessation support does not significantly improve long-term abstinence rates compared to support alone.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Behavioral Medicine
  • Exercise Science

Background:

  • Regular physical activity, including cardiovascular and resistance exercise, is hypothesized to assist individuals in quitting smoking.
  • Exercise may help mitigate smoking withdrawal symptoms, cravings, and manage potential weight gain associated with cessation.
  • The role of exercise interventions in supporting long-term smoking cessation requires rigorous evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the effectiveness of exercise-based interventions for achieving long-term smoking cessation.
  • To compare exercise interventions, alone or combined with cessation programs, against non-exercise interventions or cessation programs alone.
  • To evaluate exercise's efficacy in both initiating smoking cessation and preventing relapse.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing exercise interventions with control groups.
  • Searched Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group's register for studies on exercise or physical activity up to May 2019.
  • Included RCTs with at least six months follow-up, assessing smoking abstinence as an outcome.

Main Results:

  • Analysis of 21 studies (7279 participants) found low-certainty evidence that exercise plus smoking cessation support did not significantly improve abstinence rates compared to support alone (RR 1.08, 95% CI 0.96 to 1.22).
  • No significant subgroup differences were observed based on exercise type (cardiovascular, resistance, or combined).
  • Two relapse prevention studies showed very low-certainty evidence that adding exercise did not improve long-term abstinence compared to relapse prevention alone (RR 0.98, 95% CI 0.65 to 1.47).

Conclusions:

  • Current evidence does not support a significant benefit of adding exercise to smoking cessation support for improving abstinence rates.
  • The certainty of evidence is low to very low due to concerns regarding bias, imprecision, and potential publication bias in included trials.
  • Further high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed to definitively determine the role of exercise in smoking cessation and relapse prevention.