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Related Concept Videos

Formation of Higher-order Actin Filaments01:11

Formation of Higher-order Actin Filaments

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The polymerization of G-actin monomers into filamentous F-actin is a multi-step process. Once the F-actins are formed, they can bundle together in different arrangements to form higher-order networks and regulate cellular functions. Common examples include the formation of lamellipodia and filopodia at the cell's leading edge by actin reorganization in a migrating cell. The microvilli on the brush border epithelial cells are also formed through the F-actin network.
The high-order actin...
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Actin Filament Depolymerization01:19

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Actin filaments (F-actin) are composed of actin subunits. The dissociation of actin monomers can occur from either end of F-actin. The rate of dissociation is faster from the minus-end or the pointed end, where the actin subunits exist with a bound ADP, together known as ADP-actin. The depolymerization of F-actin is aided by proteins, including the actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF) and cofilin family of proteins, gelsolin, and glia maturation factor (GMF).
In F-actin, the ADF/cofilin proteins...
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Actin Polymerization and Cell Motility01:13

Actin Polymerization and Cell Motility

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Actin is a family of globular proteins that are highly abundant in eukaryotic cells. It makes up approximately 1-5% of total cell protein concentration. Actin monomers polymerize to form a complex network of polarized filaments, the actin cytoskeleton, that plays a crucial role in many cellular processes, including cell motility, division, endocytosis, and metastasis of cancer cells.
Actin cytoskeleton dynamics can produce pushing, pulling, and resistance forces that help the cell to migrate....
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Generation of Straight or Branched Actin Filaments01:14

Generation of Straight or Branched Actin Filaments

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The straight or branched structure formation of actin filaments is controlled by nucleating proteins such as the formins and Arp2/3 complex. Formin-mediated assembly results in straight filaments, whereas Arp2/3 protein complex-mediated assembly results in branched actin filaments.
Arp2/3 Complex
Arp2/3 complex is a seven-subunit complex consisting of two proteins similar to actin- Arp2 and Arp3, and five other subunits that help keep Arp2 and Arp3 inactive. When required, the complex is...
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Introduction to Actin01:26

Introduction to Actin

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Actin is a highly conserved cytoskeletal protein found abundantly in eukaryotic cells. It constitutes 10% weight of the total cellular protein in muscle cells, while in non-muscle cells, it is lower and makes up around 1–5 percent of the total cell protein. Actin found in the unicellular amoebae and complex multicellular animals is around 80% similar, demonstrating their conservation over a billion years of evolution.  Actin coding genes are conserved within species and across...
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Actin Polymerization01:42

Actin Polymerization

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Actin polymerization occurs through the head-to-tail association of binding sites on monomeric actin or G-actin to form filamentous or F-actin. The polymerization can be divided into three phases ̶  nucleation, elongation, and steady-state phase.
The nucleation phase involves forming a stable nucleus consisting of three actin monomers to form a new actin filament. Actin-binding proteins such as formins and Arp2/3 complex help filament growth post-nucleation. The Formins form straight...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 4, 2026

Tuning the Contractility and Deformation Modes of Active Actin-Based Assemblies In Vitro: From Two-Dimensional Active Networks to Liquid Crystal Drops
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Tuning the Contractility and Deformation Modes of Active Actin-Based Assemblies In Vitro: From Two-Dimensional Active Networks to Liquid Crystal Drops

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Computing on actin bundles network.

Andrew Adamatzky1, Florian Huber2, Jörg Schnauß3,4

  • 1Unconventional Computing Laboratory, Department of Computer Science, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK. andrew.adamatzky@uwe.ac.uk.

Scientific Reports
|November 6, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Actin filament networks can form computing circuits using traveling waves. Computational experiments demonstrate that electrode arrangements on actin bundles can implement logic circuits, enabling novel bio-computational applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Computational Biology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Actin filaments exhibit unique electrical and mechanical properties, supporting the propagation of solitons (traveling waves).
  • These solitons offer potential for developing novel computing paradigms based on biological materials.
  • Controlling soliton propagation on single actin filaments is experimentally challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the feasibility of using actin filament bundles for computational circuits.
  • To explore the control of excitation wave propagation in actin networks.
  • To demonstrate the implementation of logic gate functionalities using actin bundles.

Main Methods:

  • Computational modeling of a two-dimensional slice of an actin bundle network.
  • Simulating the propagation of excitation waves (solitons) within the network.
  • Utilizing an arbitrary arrangement of electrodes to stimulate and detect wave propagation.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated the controllable propagation of excitation waves on actin filament bundles.
  • Successfully implemented two-input, one-output logic circuits using specific electrode configurations.
  • Showcased the potential for creating complex computational functions from actin networks.

Conclusions:

  • Actin filament bundles can serve as a platform for bio-inspired computing.
  • Electrode-based control enables the realization of logic gates within actin networks.
  • This research opens avenues for developing novel organic computing devices.