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Primary Production01:06

Primary Production

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The total amount of energy acquired by primary producers in an ecosystem is called gross primary production (GPP). However, of this energy, producers use some for metabolic processes, and some is lost as heat, decreasing the amount of energy available to the next trophic level. The remaining usable amount of energy is called the net primary productivity (NPP). In terrestrial ecosystems, NPP is driven by climate, while light penetration and nutrient availability drive NPP in aquatic ecosystems.
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Other Algae01:19

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The group Stramenopiles include some phototrophic microorganisms. Members of this group possess flagella covered in numerous short, hairlike extensions, a feature that inspired the group's name, derived from the Latin words for "straw" and "hair." Some of the main categories of Stramenopiles include diatoms, golden algae, and brown algae.Diatoms are unicellular, photosynthetic eukaryotes, with over 200 known genera. They play a key role in the planktonic communities of both marine and...
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Biological Clocks and Seasonal Responses02:45

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The circadian—or biological—clock is an intrinsic, timekeeping, molecular mechanism that allows plants to coordinate physiological activities over 24-hour cycles called circadian rhythms. Photoperiodism is a collective term for the biological responses of plants to variations in the relative lengths of dark and light periods. The period of light-exposure is called the photoperiod.
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Diversity of Protists III01:27

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Rhizaria are a diverse group of unicellular protists characterized by their threadlike cytoplasmic extensions known as pseudopodia. These structures aid in both locomotion and feeding, giving Rhizaria an amoeboid appearance. Their amoeboid morphology once led to taxonomic confusion, but molecular phylogenetics has clarified their evolutionary placement and emphasized their shared use of pseudopodia despite divergent lineages.This clade comprises diverse lineages such as Chlorarachniophyta,...
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The Integrated Rate Law: The Dependence of Concentration on Time02:39

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While the differential rate law relates the rate and concentrations of reactants, a second form of rate law called the integrated rate law relates concentrations of reactants and time. Integrated rate laws can be used to determine the amount of reactant or product present after a period of time or to estimate the time required for a reaction to proceed to a certain extent. For example, an integrated rate law helps determine the length of time a radioactive material must be stored for its...
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Protein Dynamics in Living Cells01:19

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Different fluorescence-based techniques are used to study the protein dynamics in living cells. These techniques include FRAP, FRET, and PET.
Fluorescent recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) is a fluorescent-protein-based detection technique used to quantify protein movement rates within the cell. This method exposes a small portion of the cell to an intense laser beam. The laser beam causes permanent photobleaching of the fluorophore-tagged proteins in the exposed region. As the bleached...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 4, 2026

Author Spotlight: Unveiling Plankton Response to Climate Change Through Time-Series Data and Artistic Expression
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Author Spotlight: Unveiling Plankton Response to Climate Change Through Time-Series Data and Artistic Expression

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Long-Term Phytoplankton Dynamics in a Complex Temporal Realm.

M Alvarez-Cobelas1, C Rojo2, J Benavent-Corai2

  • 1National Museum of Natural History (CSIC), c/ Serrano 115 dpdo, Madrid, E-28006, Spain. malvarez@mncn.csic.es.

Scientific Reports
|November 6, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Phytoplankton biomass shows long-term decreasing trends and multi-scale periodicities. Environmental factors like nitrogen and temperature influence different phytoplankton groups across various timescales, revealing complex community dynamics.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Limnology
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Long-term ecological studies are crucial for understanding biotic community dynamics in changing environments.
  • Phytoplankton communities are key indicators of aquatic ecosystem health and are sensitive to environmental shifts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the long-term dynamics of phytoplankton biomass and taxonomic group biomass (TGBs) in a meso-oligotrophic lake over 25 years.
  • To identify the controlling factors influencing phytoplankton biomass trends and periodicities at various timescales.
  • To understand how different phytoplankton groups respond to environmental drivers and contribute to overall community dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a 25-year monthly sampling study of lake phytoplankton.
  • Analyzed long-term trends and multi-scale periodicities in total biomass (TB) and TGBs.
  • Correlated phytoplankton dynamics with environmental factors such as nitrogen concentration, temperature, and water chemistry.

Main Results:

  • Observed decreasing trends in TB and TGBs over the 25-year period.
  • Identified decadal periodicity in TB linked to nitrogen and Cryptophytes.
  • Found annual periodicities related to temperature, influencing Chlorophytes and Dinoflagellates.
  • Revealed that analysis by specific periods highlights dynamics (e.g., Diatoms) obscured in complete series analysis.

Conclusions:

  • Phytoplankton communities exhibit distinct temporal dynamics at monthly to decadal scales.
  • Environmental factors (climate, water physics/chemistry) operate at different timescales and affect specific TGBs.
  • A holistic approach integrating "taxonomical group-control factor-trend and periodicity" is essential for explaining non-stationary phytoplankton dynamics.