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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

1.4K
Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
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What is the Immune System?01:38

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Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

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Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...
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T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

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Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 4, 2026

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Naïve CD4 T Lymphocytes
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Update on Autoimmune Diseases Pathogenesis.

Melek Kechida1

  • 1Internal Medicine and Endocrinology Department of Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, University of Monastir, BP 56 Avenue Taher Haddad, Monastir 5000, Tunisia.

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|November 6, 2019
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Summary

Autoimmune diseases arise from complex interactions between immune cells and molecular factors. This review explores typical and emerging factors in their pathogenesis, highlighting potential therapeutic targets.

Keywords:
Autoimmune diseasesinfectious agentsinflammationmicro-RNAsmyeloperoxidasepathogenesis.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Genetics
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Autoimmune diseases involve complex interactions between immune cells (T cells, B cells) and molecular factors (cytokines).
  • Understanding these interactions is crucial for developing effective treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the common factors contributing to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.
  • To identify potential therapeutic targets based on current research.

Main Methods:

  • A non-systematic search of electronic databases was conducted.
  • Literature relevant to autoimmune disease pathogenesis was identified and reviewed.

Main Results:

  • Pathogenesis involves genetic factors (HLA and non-HLA genes) and environmental triggers (infections).
  • Abnormal activation of T and B lymphocytes leads to immune dysfunction.
  • Emerging factors like micro-RNAs, circular RNAs, and microbiome dysbiosis are potential therapeutic targets.

Conclusions:

  • Autoimmune disease pathogenesis is multifactorial, involving both established and novel factors.
  • Further research into these factors may lead to new therapeutic strategies.