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Few compounds act as strong acids. A far greater number of compounds behave as weak acids and only partially react with water, leaving a large majority of dissolved molecules in their original form and generating a relatively small amount of hydronium ions. Weak acids are commonly encountered in nature, being the substances partly responsible for the tangy taste of citrus fruits, the stinging sensation of insect bites, and the unpleasant smells associated with body odor. A familiar example of a...
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Construction and Testing of Coin Cells of Lithium Ion Batteries
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Cation-Disordered Lithium-Excess Li-Fe-Ti Oxide Cathode Materials for Enhanced Li-Ion Storage.

Meng Yang, Junyang Jin, Yinlin Shen

    ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
    |November 6, 2019
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Lithium-iron-titanium oxides with excess lithium demonstrate enhanced Li-ion battery performance. Increased lithium content improves capacity and rate capability due to optimized ion diffusion channels.

    Keywords:
    Li-excessLi−Fe−Ti oxidecation-disorderedelectrochemical performanceoxygen redox

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    Area of Science:

    • Materials Science
    • Electrochemistry
    • Solid-state Chemistry

    Background:

    • Cation-disordered Li-excess lithium-transition metal (Li-TM) oxides are promising cathode materials for Li-ion batteries.
    • Percolation theory guides the design of these high-performance materials.
    • Understanding the role of Li excess is crucial for optimizing electrochemical properties.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effect of Li excess on the electrochemical Li-ion storage properties of cation-disordered rocksalt-type Li-Fe-Ti oxides.
    • To correlate Li-to-transition metal ratios with structural and electrochemical performance.
    • To elucidate the mechanisms responsible for enhanced Li-ion storage.

    Main Methods:

    • Synthesis of Li-Fe-Ti oxides with varying Li-to-transition metal (Li/TM) ratios (1, 1.49, 1.63).
    • Electrochemical characterization including capacity and rate capability measurements.
    • Spectroscopic analysis (57Fe Mössbauer, XPS, soft X-ray absorption) to study redox reactions and local structure.

    Main Results:

    • Li excess induces local structural fluctuations, creating 0-TM diffusion channels for rapid Li-ion migration.
    • Li-excess cathodes (Li/TM = 1.49 and 1.63) exhibit reversible capacities over 220 mAh g⁻¹, significantly higher than the Li/TM = 1 electrode (165 mAh g⁻¹).
    • Improved rate capability observed in Li-excess compositions.

    Conclusions:

    • Li excess in cation-disordered rocksalt-type Li-Fe-Ti oxides enhances electrochemical performance.
    • The enhanced properties are attributed to improved Li-ion diffusion pathways and redox activity.
    • Redox reactions involving Fe and O species are key contributors to the high capacity in Li-excess cathodes.