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Operative Treatment of Pediatric Pelvic and Acetabulum Fractures
Victor A de Ridder1, Steven A Olson2
1Department of Pediatric Trauma, Wilhelmina Children Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Insights
Pediatric pelvic fractures are rare and often occur in multitrauma patients. Specialized care is crucial for optimal outcomes, with surgery reserved for displaced fractures to restore pelvic anatomy.
Area of Science:
- Orthopedic Surgery
- Pediatric Traumatology
Background:
- Pediatric pelvic fractures are uncommon and distinct from adult fractures in cause and presentation.
- These injuries frequently occur in severely injured multitrauma pediatric patients.
Purpose of the Study:
- To outline the unique aspects of pediatric pelvic fractures.
- To discuss management strategies and outcomes for pediatric pelvic fractures.
Main Methods:
- Review of literature and clinical experience concerning pediatric pelvic fractures.
- Analysis of treatment approaches for displaced and nondisplaced fractures, including operative and nonoperative management.
- Consideration of growth plate involvement and long-term sequelae.
Main Results:
- Most pediatric pelvic fractures are associated with severe injuries, with outcomes often dictated by these comorbidities.
- Operative treatment is indicated for displaced fractures to reconstruct the pelvic ring, but morbidity is frequently linked to associated trauma.
- Nondisplaced acetabular fractures and physeal injuries are typically managed nonoperatively.
Conclusions:
- Optimal outcomes for pediatric pelvic fractures are achieved in specialized centers.
- Restoring pelvic symmetry is key to long-term prognosis.
- Acetabular dysplasia is a significant potential complication in this patient group.
Abstract:
Pediatric pelvic fractures are rare and differ from adults in etiology, fracture type, and associated injuries. They are observed in multitrauma patients, with severe associated injuries. Treatment of these children in specialized hospitals is likely to provide the best outcome because of the rarity of these fractures. Only a small percentage of the fractures, particularly the displaced ones, need operative treatment with the aim to restore the anatomy of the pelvic ring. In a significant proportion of the operated patients, morbidity and mortality were not linked to the pelvic fractures but to the other associated injuries. Long-term prognosis depends on restoring pelvic symmetry. Nondisplaced fractures of the acetabulum or fractures with minimal displacement with a relatively low roof-arc angle or crush injuries of the triradiate physis are managed nonoperatively. In young patients where continuation of growth is expected, fixation that does not cross the physis anatomically could be used. In some very young children, plate removal may be indicated to allow for continued growth of the acetabulum. One of the major complications in this patient cohort is acetabular dysplasia.
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