Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia
Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia
Analgesia and Pain Management
You might also read
Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.
Updated: Jan 4, 2026

Full-Endoscopic Transforaminal Approach for Lumbar Discectomy
Published on: September 8, 2023
Francis Lovecchio1, Ajay Premkumar1, Jeffrey G Stepan1
1Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY.
Most patients undergoing lumbar decompression or microdiscectomy used fewer than 32 opioid pills post-surgery. These findings can inform evidence-based opioid prescribing guidelines for lumbar surgery patients.
03:24Author Spotlight: Development and Application of a Novel Suture Technique for Annular Fibrosus Repair in Percutaneous Transforaminal Endoscopic Discectomy
Published on: January 26, 2024
10:09Transtubular Endoscopic Posterolateral Decompression for L5-S1 Lumbar Lateral Disc Herniation
Published on: October 14, 2022
Area of Science:
Background:
Purpose of the Study:
Main Methods:
Main Results:
Conclusions: