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Updated: Jan 4, 2026
A 3D Organotypic Melanoma Spheroid Skin Model
Published on: May 18, 2018
Translational pathology, genomics and the development of systemic therapies for acral melanoma
Yian Ann Chen1, Jamie K Teer1, Zeynep Eroglu2
1Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States.
Abstract:
Acral melanomas arise on the non-hair bearing skin of the palms, soles and in the nail beds. These rare tumors comprise 2-3 % of all melanomas, are not linked to UV-exposure, and represent the most frequent subtype of melanomas in patients of Asian, African and Hispanic origin. Although recent work has revealed candidate molecular events that underlie acral melanoma development, this knowledge is not yet been translated into efficacious local, regional, or systemic therapies. In the current review, we describe the clinical characteristics of acral melanoma and outline the genetic basis of acral melanoma development. Further discussion is given to the current status of systemic therapy for acral melanoma with a focus on ongoing developments in both immunotherapy and targeted therapy for the treatment of advanced disease.
Insights
Acral melanoma, a rare skin cancer on palms and soles, affects diverse populations. This review covers its clinical traits, genetics, and emerging systemic therapies like immunotherapy for advanced cases.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Dermatology
- Genetics
Background:
- Acral melanomas are rare skin cancers occurring on palms, soles, and nail beds, comprising 2-3% of all melanomas.
- Unlike other melanomas, acral melanomas are not associated with UV exposure and are more prevalent in Asian, African, and Hispanic populations.
- Current understanding of molecular drivers has not yet translated into effective treatments for acral melanoma.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the clinical characteristics of acral melanoma.
- To outline the genetic basis of acral melanoma development.
- To discuss current and developing systemic therapies, including immunotherapy and targeted therapy, for advanced acral melanoma.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of clinical characteristics.
- Summary of genetic findings in acral melanoma.
- Overview of systemic treatment modalities and ongoing research.
Main Results:
- Acral melanoma exhibits distinct clinical features and genetic underpinnings.
- Systemic therapies, particularly immunotherapy and targeted therapy, show promise for advanced disease.
- Further research is needed to translate genetic insights into effective treatments.
Conclusions:
- Acral melanoma is a distinct subtype with unique risk factors and clinical presentation.
- Advances in understanding its genetic basis are paving the way for novel therapeutic strategies.
- Immunotherapy and targeted therapy represent promising avenues for managing advanced acral melanoma.
