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Association Areas of the Cortex

Association Areas of the Cortex

Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 4, 2026

Measurement of Neurophysiological Signals of Ignoring and Attending Processes in Attention Control

Measurement of Neurophysiological Signals of Ignoring and Attending Processes in Attention Control

Published on: July 5, 2015

Top-down versus bottom-up attention differentially modulate frontal-parietal connectivity.

Jake T Bowling¹, Karl J Friston², Joseph B Hopfinger^3,4

¹School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.

Human Brain Mapping

|November 7, 2019

Summary

The brain

Keywords:

dorsal attention network dynamic causal modeling endogenous exogenous fMRI involuntary attention voluntary attention

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 4, 2026

Measurement of Neurophysiological Signals of Ignoring and Attending Processes in Attention Control

Measurement of Neurophysiological Signals of Ignoring and Attending Processes in Attention Control

Published on: July 5, 2015

Intracortical Inhibition Within the Primary Motor Cortex Can Be Modulated by Changing the Focus of Attention

Intracortical Inhibition Within the Primary Motor Cortex Can Be Modulated by Changing the Focus of Attention

Published on: September 11, 2017

Investigating the Deployment of Visual Attention Before Accurate and Averaging Saccades via Eye Tracking and Assessment of Visual Sensitivity

Investigating the Deployment of Visual Attention Before Accurate and Averaging Saccades via Eye Tracking and Assessment of Visual Sensitivity

Published on: March 18, 2019

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Science
Attention Research

Background:

Attention is influenced by both voluntary and involuntary factors.
Previous studies suggest distinct brain networks for voluntary (top-down) and involuntary (bottom-up) attention, often involving frontal and parietal regions.
The precise directional connectivity within these networks remains unclear with traditional methods.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the directionality of neural connections within the dorsal attention network.
To determine how directed connectivity differs between voluntary and involuntary attention.
To explore the role of the intraparietal sulcus and frontal eye fields in attention modulation.

Main Methods:

Utilized dynamic causal modeling (DCM), a neuroimaging analysis technique capable of inferring connection directionality.
Analyzed functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data to model directed connections within the dorsal attention network.
Compared connectivity patterns during voluntary (endogenous) and involuntary (exogenous) attention tasks.

Main Results:

Demonstrated differential modulation of directed connections within the dorsal attention network based on attention type.
Found that the intraparietal sulcus exerts a baseline inhibitory effect on the frontal eye fields.
This inhibition is strengthened during exogenous (involuntary) attention and attenuated during endogenous (voluntary) attention, even with counter-predictive cues.

Conclusions:

Directed connectivity within the dorsal attention network is dynamically regulated by the type of attention engaged.
The interplay between the intraparietal sulcus and frontal eye fields is crucial for distinguishing between voluntary and involuntary attention.
Findings highlight the importance of connection directionality in understanding attentional control mechanisms.