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Related Concept Videos

Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

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As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
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In 1882, Flemming observed lampbrush chromosomes (LBC) in salamander eggs. Later in 1892, Rückert observed LBCs in shark egg cells and coined the term "lampbrush chromosomes" because they looked like brushes used to clean kerosene lamps.
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Selectins

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Cell adhesion is  an essential aspect of multicellularity. While stable cell interactions usually occur between cells of the same type, transient cell interactions occur between cells of different tissue types, such as between neutrophils and endothelial cells. Selectins are one class of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) that bind carbohydrate ligands to form transient cell adhesion. They are rod-like proteins with a long extracellular part of variable length ending with the lectin domain,...
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LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in mammals compared to other class I transposable elements. About 8 percent of human genomic DNA comprises LTR retrotransposons. Some of the common examples of LTR retrotransposons are Ty elements in yeast and Copia elements in Drosophila.
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Pleiotropy is the phenomenon in which a single gene impacts multiple, seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits. For example, defects in the SOX10 gene cause Waardenburg Syndrome Type 4, or WS4, which can cause defects in pigmentation, hearing impairments, and an absence of intestinal contractions necessary for elimination. This diversity of phenotypes results from the expression pattern of SOX10 in early embryonic and fetal development. SOX10 is found in neural crest cells that form melanocytes,...
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The papillary and reticular dermis are the two layers of the dermis. They are made of connective tissue with fibers of collagen extending from one to the other, making the border between the two somewhat indistinct. The dermal papillae extending into the epidermis belong to the papillary layer, whereas the dense collagen fiber bundles below belong to the reticular layer.
Reticular Layer
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Isolation of Human Lymphatic Endothelial Cells by Multi-parameter Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorting
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[Lentigines].

Fatima-Zahra Agharbi1

  • 1Centre, Hôpital Civil Tétouan, Tétouan, Maroc.

The Pan African Medical Journal
|November 7, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chancroid, a sexually transmitted infection caused by Haemophilus ducreyi, presents as painful genital ulcers. Early diagnosis and treatment with azithromycin are crucial for managing this bacterial infection.

Keywords:
Lentigineshypermelanocytosisneurofibromatosis

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Bacteriology
  • Dermatology

Context:

  • Chancroid is a bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by Haemophilus ducreyi.
  • It is characterized by painful genital ulcers and associated lymphadenopathy.
  • The disease can lead to complications if left untreated.

Purpose:

  • To describe the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of chancroid.
  • To report a case of chancroid in a 30-year-old male presenting with a scrotal ulcer.
  • To highlight the effectiveness of azithromycin in treating Haemophilus ducreyi infections.

Summary:

  • Chancroid begins as a papule that progresses to a deep, painful ulcer with inflamed edges.
  • Lymphadenopathy typically develops 2-3 weeks post-infection and may suppurate.
  • Diagnosis involves microscopic identification of Haemophilus ducreyi from ulcer exudates or lymph node aspirates.
  • Treatment options include single-dose azithromycin or ceftriaxone.

Impact:

  • Effective management of chancroid prevents complications such as gangrene and superinfection.
  • Prompt treatment reduces transmission of this STI.
  • Understanding the clinical course and diagnostic methods aids in timely patient care.