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Comparative Whole-Transcriptome Profiling of Liver Tissue from Wistar Rats Fed with Diets Containing Different
S A Apryatin1, N V Trusov2, A Yu Gorbachev2
1Federal Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology, and Food Safety, Moscow, 109240, Russia. apryatin@mail.ru.
Biochemistry. Biokhimiia
|November 7, 2019
Summary
Dietary fat, fructose, and cholesterol significantly alter liver gene expression and metabolic pathways in rats. High-fat and high-fructose diets decrease cholesterol synthesis, while high-cholesterol diets impact glucose metabolism and liver morphology.
Area of Science:
- Metabolomics
- Molecular Biology
- Nutritional Science
Background:
- Dietary components like fat, fructose, and cholesterol profoundly influence liver physiology.
- Understanding the molecular mechanisms behind diet-induced metabolic changes is crucial for public health.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the differential gene expression in rat livers under various high-fat, high-fructose, and high-cholesterol diets.
- To elucidate the impact of these diets on key metabolic pathways and liver morphology.
Main Methods:
- Whole-transcriptome profiling on microarrays to analyze 30,003 genes.
- Quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) for specific gene expression validation.
- Analysis of KEGG metabolic pathways and liver tissue morphology.
Main Results:
- High-fat and high-fructose diets significantly decreased squalene synthase (FDFT1) expression, impacting cholesterol synthesis.
- High-cholesterol diet altered glucose and glycogen synthesis gene expression, affecting gluconeogenesis and glycogen synthesis, with distinct liver morphology.
- High-fructose and high-fat diets modulated pathways related to protein catabolism, cell junctions, and RNA transport.
Conclusions:
- Dietary fat, fructose, and cholesterol exert distinct and overlapping effects on hepatic gene expression and metabolism.
- Specific gene expression changes, such as in FDFT1, Crot, Prom1, and RGD1305464, correlate with altered lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.
- These findings highlight the complex molecular responses of the liver to dietary challenges.
