Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

5.6K
During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
5.6K
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

1.3K
The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
1.3K
Viruses with RNA Genomes01:29

Viruses with RNA Genomes

674
RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
674
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

25.6K
Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
25.6K
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

3.8K
3.8K
Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

8.7K
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...
8.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

N-acetyltransferase 10 promotes mRNA stability of immune response factors to modulate Zika virus infection.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Activation of ATF3 via the integrated stress response pathway regulates innate immune response to restrict Zika virus.

Journal of virology·2024
Same author

Transcriptomic Signatures of Zika Virus Infection in Patients and a Cell Culture Model.

Microorganisms·2024
Same author

Zika virus infection in a cell culture model reflects the transcriptomic signatures in patients.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2024
Same author

Programmable low-cost DNA-based platform for viral RNA detection.

Science advances·2020
Same author

Asian Zika Virus Isolate Significantly Changes the Transcriptional Profile and Alternative RNA Splicing Events in a Neuroblastoma Cell Line.

Viruses·2020

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 4, 2026

Exploring m6A and m5C Epitranscriptomes upon Viral Infection: an Example with HIV
14:40

Exploring m6A and m5C Epitranscriptomes upon Viral Infection: an Example with HIV

Published on: March 5, 2022

3.7K

Epitranscriptomic marks: Emerging modulators of RNA virus gene expression.

Rachel Netzband1, Cara T Pager1

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, The RNA Institute, University at Albany-SUNY, Albany, New York.

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. RNA
|November 7, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Epitranscriptomics, the study of RNA chemical marks, impacts gene expression. This review explores key RNA modifications (like N6-methyladenosine) and their roles in RNA virus biology.

Keywords:
5-methylcytosineN6-methyladenosineN7-methylguanosineRNA virusepitranscriptomicsinnate immunityinosinepseudouridineribose 2′-O-methylation

More Related Videos

In Vitro Transcribed RNA-based Luciferase Reporter Assay to Study Translation Regulation in Poxvirus-infected Cells
08:58

In Vitro Transcribed RNA-based Luciferase Reporter Assay to Study Translation Regulation in Poxvirus-infected Cells

Published on: May 1, 2019

15.6K
Vaccinia Virus Infection & Temporal Analysis of Virus Gene Expression: Part 3
07:35

Vaccinia Virus Infection & Temporal Analysis of Virus Gene Expression: Part 3

Published on: April 13, 2009

8.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 4, 2026

Exploring m6A and m5C Epitranscriptomes upon Viral Infection: an Example with HIV
14:40

Exploring m6A and m5C Epitranscriptomes upon Viral Infection: an Example with HIV

Published on: March 5, 2022

3.7K
In Vitro Transcribed RNA-based Luciferase Reporter Assay to Study Translation Regulation in Poxvirus-infected Cells
08:58

In Vitro Transcribed RNA-based Luciferase Reporter Assay to Study Translation Regulation in Poxvirus-infected Cells

Published on: May 1, 2019

15.6K
Vaccinia Virus Infection & Temporal Analysis of Virus Gene Expression: Part 3
07:35

Vaccinia Virus Infection & Temporal Analysis of Virus Gene Expression: Part 3

Published on: April 13, 2009

8.5K

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Virology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Epitranscriptomics studies chemical modifications on RNA.
  • These modifications regulate RNA structure, localization, and function.
  • RNA modifications impact gene expression, RNA degradation, and immune responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the intersection of epitranscriptomics and virology.
  • To detail the deposition and biological effects of specific RNA marks on viral gene expression.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on epitranscriptomics and RNA viruses.
  • Focus on specific epitranscriptomic marks: N7-methylguanosine, ribose 2'-O-methylation, pseudouridine, inosine, N6-methyladenosine, and 5-methylcytosine.

Main Results:

  • RNA modifications significantly influence RNA virus gene expression.
  • Specific marks like N6-methyladenosine (m6A) play crucial roles in viral replication and pathogenesis.
  • Epitranscriptomic marks can affect viral RNA stability, translation, and immune evasion.

Conclusions:

  • The epitranscriptome is a critical regulator of RNA virus biology.
  • Understanding these RNA modifications offers potential therapeutic targets for viral infections.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the complex interplay between epitranscriptomics and viruses.