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Published on: September 3, 2020
Therapeutic Properties of Mesenchymal Stem Cell on Organ Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
1Emmaus Medical, Inc., 21250 Hawthorne Blvd, Suite 800, Torrance, CA 90503, USA.
Abstract:
The shortage of donor organs is a major global concern. Organ failure requires the transplantation of functional organs. Donor's organs are preserved for variable periods of warm and cold ischemia time, which requires placing them into a preservation device. Ischemia and reperfusion damage the organs, due to the lack of oxygen during the ischemia step, as well as the oxidative stress during the reperfusion step. Different methodologies are developed to prevent or to diminish the level of injuries. Preservation solutions were first developed to maximize cold static preservation, which includes the addition of several chemical compounds. The next chapter of organ preservation comes with the perfusion machine, where mechanical devices provide continuous flow and oxygenation ex vivo to the organs being preserved. In the addition of inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein kinase and inhibitors of the proteasome, mesenchymal stem cells began being used 13 years ago to prevent or diminish the organ's injuries. Mesenchymal stem cells (e.g., bone marrow stem cells, adipose derived stem cells and umbilical cord stem cells) have proven to be powerful tools in repairing damaged organs. This review will focus upon the use of some bone marrow stem cells, adipose-derived stem cells and umbilical cord stem cells on preventing or decreasing the injuries due to ischemia-reperfusion.
Insights
Mesenchymal stem cells, including bone marrow, adipose, and umbilical cord-derived cells, show promise in mitigating organ damage from ischemia-reperfusion injury. These cells offer a potential solution to reduce transplant organ injuries.
Area of Science:
- Transplantation immunology
- Regenerative medicine
- Organ preservation
Background:
- Organ shortage is a critical global issue, necessitating transplantation.
- Organ preservation involves managing ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, which damages organs due to oxygen deprivation and oxidative stress.
- Current preservation methods include static cold storage with chemical solutions and machine perfusion with oxygenation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in preventing or reducing I/R injury in transplanted organs.
- To highlight the therapeutic potential of MSCs derived from bone marrow, adipose tissue, and umbilical cord.
Main Methods:
- Review of literature on organ preservation techniques.
- Focus on the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in mitigating I/R injury.
- Examination of MSCs from bone marrow, adipose tissue, and umbilical cord sources.
Main Results:
- Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as potent tools for organ repair.
- MSC therapy has been investigated for 13 years to prevent or reduce organ injuries.
- Specific MSC types, including bone marrow, adipose-derived, and umbilical cord stem cells, are explored for their efficacy.
Conclusions:
- Mesenchymal stem cells demonstrate significant potential in reducing ischemia-reperfusion injuries.
- MSC therapy represents a promising advancement in improving the viability and function of transplanted organs.
- Further research into MSC applications could enhance organ transplantation outcomes.
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