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The technological and economic prospects for CO2 utilization and removal
Cameron Hepburn1,2, Ella Adlen3, John Beddington1
1Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Nature
|November 8, 2019
Summary
Utilizing captured carbon dioxide (CO2) in products can lower emission reduction costs. While some CO2 utilization pathways reduce emissions, others, like construction materials and land-based methods, can also remove CO2 from the atmosphere.
Area of Science:
- Environmental science
- Chemical engineering
- Materials science
Background:
- Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions drive climate change.
- Reducing atmospheric CO2 is crucial for mitigating global warming.
- CO2 utilization offers potential economic incentives for emission reduction and carbon removal.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and assess ten distinct pathways for carbon dioxide utilization.
- To evaluate the potential of each pathway for both CO2 utilization and atmospheric removal.
- To identify barriers and constraints for the large-scale implementation of CO2 utilization technologies.
Main Methods:
- Literature review and assessment of ten CO2 utilization pathways.
- Analysis of CO2 emission reduction and removal potential for each pathway.
- Evaluation of scalability and resource requirements for widespread deployment.
Main Results:
- Pathways utilizing chemicals, fuels, and microalgae primarily reduce CO2 emissions.
- Pathways using construction materials and land-based methods can both utilize and remove atmospheric CO2.
- Each pathway demonstrates potential for scaling to over 0.5 gigatonnes of CO2 utilization annually.
Conclusions:
- CO2 utilization presents diverse strategies for climate change mitigation.
- Construction materials and land-based approaches offer significant carbon removal benefits.
- Substantial implementation barriers and resource limitations necessitate strategic deployment planning.
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