Postoperative cognitive disorders: an update

Area of Science:

• Anesthesiology
• Geriatric Medicine
• Neurosurgery

Background:

• Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a frequent complication following surgery.
• It significantly contributes to increased patient morbidity and mortality.
• POCD impacts long-term health and quality of life.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review risk factors for postoperative cognitive decline.
• To examine the influence of surgical intervention types on cognitive function.
• To explore anesthetic agents' neuroprotective potential and economic impact.

Main Methods:

• A narrative literature review was conducted.
• Searched for studies on risk factors, surgical types, anesthetic effects, quality of life, and healthcare costs.
• Synthesized findings on postoperative cognitive alterations.

Main Results:

• Cardiac and orthopedic surgeries show higher POCD incidence.
• Neuroprotective effects of anesthetics remain debated but show promise.
• POCD is a significant public health issue, affecting quality of life and increasing healthcare expenses.

Conclusions:

• Postoperative cognitive disorders are severe and potentially fatal.
• Vigilance in high-risk patients and procedures is essential.
• Implementing neuroprotective strategies may be life-saving.