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Updated: Jan 4, 2026

A Mouse Model of Orthopedic Surgery to Study Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction and Tissue Regeneration
Published on: February 27, 2018
Postoperative cognitive disorders: an update
M P Ntalouka1,2, E Arnaoutoglou2, P Tzimas1
1Department of Anesthesiology and Postoperative Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
Background:
Cognitive dysfunction is a common complication after surgery. It is a major cause for increased, sometimes long-term, morbidity and mortality.
Methods:
In this narrative review we performed a literature search regarding postoperative cognitive decline regarding risk factors, the type of surgical intervention, potential neuroprotective effects of anesthetic drugs, and associated quality of life and healthcare costs.
Results:
Several risk factors are implicated in postoperative cognitive impairment. Cardiac surgery and specific orthopedic interventions are associated with a higher incidence of postoperative cognitive disorders. Results regarding the neuroprotective effects of anesthetics agents are still controversial but promising. Postoperative cognitive alterations are a major public healthcare issue as they impair the everyday quality of life, and expand the yearlong expenses.
Conclusions:
Postoperative cognitive disorders are devastating, potentially life-threatening complications. High-suspicion, especially in high-risk patients and operations, and adoption of available neuroprotective strategies may prove lifesaving. HIPPOKRATIA 2018, 22(4): 147-154.
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