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Manganese Oxide Nanoparticles As MRI Contrast Agents In Tumor Multimodal Imaging And Therapy
Xiaoxia Cai1, Qingxia Zhu1, Yun Zeng1
1Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
Abstract:
Contrast agents (CAs) play a crucial role in high-quality magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) applications. At present, as a result of the Gd-based CAs which are associated with renal fibrosis as well as the inherent dark imaging characteristics of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, Mn-based CAs which have a good biocompatibility and bright images are considered ideal for MRI. In addition, manganese oxide nanoparticles (MONs, such as MnO, MnO2, Mn3O4, and MnOx) have attracted attention as T1-weighted magnetic resonance CAs due to the short circulation time of Mn(II) ion chelate and the size-controlled circulation time of colloidal nanoparticles. In this review, recent advances in the use of MONs as MRI contrast agents for tumor detection and diagnosis are reported, as are the advances in in vivo toxicity, distribution and tumor microenvironment-responsive enhanced tumor chemotherapy and radiotherapy as well as photothermal and photodynamic therapies.
Insights
Manganese oxide nanoparticles (MONs) offer an ideal alternative to traditional MRI contrast agents due to their biocompatibility and bright imaging. This review highlights their advances in tumor detection, diagnosis, and combined therapies.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Materials Science
- Radiology
Background:
- Gadolinium-based contrast agents (CAs) are linked to renal fibrosis.
- Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles have poor imaging characteristics.
- Manganese-based CAs offer improved biocompatibility and image quality for MRI.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent advances in manganese oxide nanoparticles (MONs) as MRI contrast agents.
- To explore MONs' application in tumor detection and diagnosis.
- To summarize MONs' role in enhancing tumor therapies.
Main Methods:
- Review of current literature on MONs for MRI.
- Analysis of MONs' properties for T1-weighted imaging.
- Investigation of MONs' performance in vivo and in combination therapies.
Main Results:
- Manganese oxide nanoparticles (MONs) demonstrate potential as T1-weighted MRI contrast agents.
- MONs exhibit good biocompatibility and bright imaging, overcoming limitations of other agents.
- Advances include controlled circulation times and enhanced tumor treatment efficacy.
Conclusions:
- Manganese oxide nanoparticles are promising MRI contrast agents for tumor applications.
- MONs facilitate enhanced tumor chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and photothermal/photodynamic therapies.
- Further research into MONs' in vivo behavior and therapeutic integration is warranted.
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