Theranostics in immuno-oncology using nanobody derivatives
Quentin Lecocq1, Yannick De Vlaeminck1, Heleen Hanssens2
1Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy (LMCT), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels.
Abstract:
Targeted therapy and immunotherapy have become mainstream in cancer treatment. However, only patient subsets benefit from these expensive therapies, and often responses are short-lived or coincide with side effects. A growing modality in precision oncology is the development of theranostics, as this enables patient selection, treatment and monitoring. In this approach, labeled compounds and an imaging technology are used to diagnose patients and select the best treatment option, whereas for therapy, related compounds are used to target cancer cells or the tumor stroma. In this context, nanobodies and nanobody-directed therapeutics have gained interest. This interest stems from their high antigen specificity, small size, ease of labeling and engineering, allowing specific imaging and design of therapies targeting antigens on tumor cells, immune cells as well as proteins in the tumor environment. This review provides a comprehensive overview on the state-of-the-art regarding the use of nanobodies as theranostics, and their importance in the emerging field of personalized medicine.
Insights
Nanobodies offer precise cancer targeting for personalized medicine. These engineered proteins enable advanced theranostics, combining diagnosis and therapy for improved patient outcomes in oncology.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Nanotechnology
- Precision Medicine
Background:
- Targeted therapy and immunotherapy are key cancer treatments, but benefit limited patient subsets and can cause side effects.
- Theranostics offer a precision oncology approach for patient selection, treatment, and monitoring.
- Nanobodies are gaining interest due to their antigen specificity, small size, and engineering flexibility.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive overview of nanobody-based theranostics.
- To highlight the importance of nanobodies in personalized cancer medicine.
Main Methods:
- Review of current literature on nanobody applications in theranostics.
- Analysis of nanobody characteristics relevant to cancer imaging and therapy.
- Discussion of nanobody-directed therapeutics targeting tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment.
Main Results:
- Nanobodies facilitate specific imaging and targeted therapy design.
- Their properties allow for precise targeting of antigens on tumor cells, immune cells, and stromal proteins.
- Nanobodies are crucial for developing advanced theranostic platforms.
Conclusions:
- Nanobodies are pivotal in the advancement of theranostics for personalized cancer treatment.
- Their unique attributes support the development of tailored diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
- Nanobody-based theranostics represent a significant step forward in precision oncology.
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