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Synteny and Evolution

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John H. Renwick first coined the term “synteny” in 1971, which refers to the genes present on the same chromosomes, even if they are not genetically linked. The species with common ancestry tend to show conserved syntenic regions. Therefore, the concept of synteny is nowadays used to describe the evolutionary relationship between species.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 4, 2026

Protocol for Production of a Genetic Cross of the Rodent Malaria Parasites

Protocol for Production of a Genetic Cross of the Rodent Malaria Parasites

Published on: January 3, 2011

Ancient Introgression between Two Ape Malaria Parasite Species.

Lindsey J Plenderleith¹, Weimin Liu², Gerald H Learn²

¹Institute of Evolutionary Biology, and Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.

Genome Biology and Evolution

|November 8, 2019

Summary

Gene transfer between malaria parasites was re-examined. One described transfer was an artifact, while another involved more genes impacting host interactions.

Keywords:

Laverania Plasmodium chimpanzee exported proteins

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Area of Science:

* Genomics and evolutionary biology of Plasmodium parasites.
* Study of host-parasite interactions in primate malaria.

Background:

* The Laverania clade includes Plasmodium falciparum, the human malaria parasite, and related species infecting African apes.
* Previous research identified interspecies gene transfer within this clade, suggesting a role in parasite evolution.

Discussion:

* Re-analysis of genomic data revealed one previously reported gene transfer was an assembly artifact from coinfection.
* A confirmed gene transfer between chimpanzee parasite lineages involved a larger set of genes than initially identified.
* Many transferred genes encode exported proteins that modify erythrocytes, impacting host cell interactions.

Key Insights:

* Distinguishing true gene transfer from sequencing artifacts is crucial for understanding parasite evolution.
* Extensive gene transfer, particularly of erythrocyte-binding proteins, occurred between divergent Laverania lineages.
* These transfers may be a significant evolutionary mechanism in the Laverania clade, compensating for rare hybridization.

Outlook:

* Further research is needed to elucidate the functional impact of these extensive gene transfers on Laverania host interactions.
* Investigating the role of gene transfer in the evolution of virulence in Plasmodium species.
* Comparative genomics of Laverania parasites to identify additional instances of horizontal gene transfer and their evolutionary consequences.