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Tungsten in Washington State surface waters.

Philip Steenstra¹, Nikolay Strigul¹, John Harrison¹

¹School of Environmental Science, 14204 NE Salmon Creek Avenue, Washington State University Vancouver, Vancouver, WA, 98686, USA.

|November 8, 2019

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Tungsten levels in Washington State surface waters were higher in areas with tungsten-rich rocks. A model using beryllium and copper predicts tungsten concentrations, showing no sites neared the drinking water limit.

Keywords:

Heavy metal Scheelite W Wolframite

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Area of Science:

Environmental Science
Geochemistry
Toxicology

Background:

Tungsten's toxicity at high concentrations is known, but its occurrence in natural surface waters is understudied.
Understanding natural tungsten levels is crucial for environmental and human health risk assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate aqueous tungsten concentrations in Washington State surface waters.
To identify factors influencing tungsten levels, particularly underlying geology.
To develop a predictive model for tungsten concentrations.

Main Methods:

Collected water and sediment samples from 77 water bodies across 20 watersheds in Washington State.
Analyzed tungsten concentrations in water and sediment samples.
Used statistical analysis, including correlation and multiple linear regression, to model tungsten concentrations based on geological factors and other elements like beryllium (Be) and copper (Cu).

Main Results:

Aqueous tungsten concentrations varied significantly, ranging from 10.3 ng/L to 2.05 μg/L.
Watersheds with tungsten-bearing rocks showed over double the average tungsten concentrations in both water and sediments compared to those without.
Aqueous tungsten concentrations strongly correlated with beryllium (R²=0.31) and copper (R²=0.41).
A multiple linear regression model using Be and Cu explained 65% of the variance in measured aqueous tungsten concentrations.
Predicted tungsten concentrations in the Pacific Northwest ranged from 0.116 to 0.458 μg/L, well below the 50 μg/L drinking water standard set by the former Soviet Union.

Conclusions:

Underlying geology is a significant factor controlling natural tungsten concentrations in surface waters.
Beryllium and copper can serve as indicators for predicting aqueous tungsten levels.
Current tungsten levels in the studied Pacific Northwest surface waters do not approach established drinking water standards.