Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Censoring Survival Data01:09

Censoring Survival Data

491
Survival analysis is a statistical method used to analyze time-to-event data, often employed in fields such as medicine, engineering, and social sciences. One of the key challenges in survival analysis is dealing with incomplete data, a phenomenon known as "censoring." Censoring occurs when the event of interest (such as death, relapse, or system failure) has not occurred for some individuals by the end of the study period or is otherwise unobservable, and it might have many different...
491
Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

5.6K
During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
5.6K
Masking and Demasking Agents01:19

Masking and Demasking Agents

3.4K
EDTA titrations may necessitate masking and demasking agents to temporarily protect a particular metal ion in a mixture from the EDTA reaction. These agents facilitate the sequential analysis of the metal ions by forming stable complexes with some—but not all—metal ions during certain steps.
There are many masking agents, such as cyanide, fluoride, triethanolamine, thiourea, and 2,3-bis(sulfanyl)propan-1-ol (formerly 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol), with the masking agent chosen based on...
3.4K
Exocytosis00:50

Exocytosis

8.9K
Exocytosis is a process that releases molecules outside the cell. Like other bulk transport mechanisms, exocytosis requires energy.
Exocytosis is the opposite of endocytosis, which brings molecules inside the cell. Sometimes, the released materials are signaling molecules. For example, neurons typically use exocytosis to release neurotransmitters. Cells also use exocytosis to insert proteins such as ion channels into their cell membranes, secrete proteins for use in the extracellular matrix, or...
8.9K
Exocytosis00:51

Exocytosis

72.9K
Exocytosis is used to release material from cells. Like other bulk transport mechanisms, exocytosis requires energy.
72.9K
Capillary Exchange01:28

Capillary Exchange

10.4K
The cardiovascular system's chief role is to disseminate gases, nutrients, waste, and other substances to the body's cells. Small molecules like gases, lipids, and lipid-soluble substances directly diffuse through capillary wall endothelial cell membranes. Glucose, amino acids, and ions, including sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride, use transporters for facilitated diffusion via membrane-specific channels. Glucose, ions, and bigger molecules may also pass through intercellular...
10.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Image inpainting-based behavior image secret sharing.

Mathematical biosciences and engineering : MBE·2020
Same author

A compressed secret image sharing method with shadow image verification capability.

Mathematical biosciences and engineering : MBE·2020
Same author

Multiple security anti-counterfeit applications to QR code payment based on visual secret sharing and QR code.

Mathematical biosciences and engineering : MBE·2019
Same author

Ramp secret image sharing.

Mathematical biosciences and engineering : MBE·2019
Same author

Weighted visual secret sharing with multiple decryptions and lossless recovery.

Mathematical biosciences and engineering : MBE·2019
Same author

High capacity reversible data hiding in MP3 based on Huffman table transformation.

Mathematical biosciences and engineering : MBE·2019
Same journal

Modeling the impact of budget limitation on the screening and treatment pathway of HPV-induced precancerous cervical lesions.

Mathematical biosciences and engineering : MBE·2026
Same journal

Modeling the effects of trait-mediated dispersal on coexistence of two species: Competition and non-consumptive predator-prey.

Mathematical biosciences and engineering : MBE·2026
Same journal

A close look at the viral reduction rate in target cell limited models.

Mathematical biosciences and engineering : MBE·2026
Same journal

A stochastic agent-based model for simulating tumor-immune dynamics and evaluating therapeutic strategies.

Mathematical biosciences and engineering : MBE·2026
Same journal

Addressing domain shift via imbalance-aware domain adaptation in embryo development assessment.

Mathematical biosciences and engineering : MBE·2026
Same journal

Effect of drug resistance on an HIV epidemic in heterogeneous populations.

Mathematical biosciences and engineering : MBE·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 4, 2026

Author Spotlight: Automated Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson's Disease - Exploring the Possibilities and Challenges of Home Monitoring
06:32

Author Spotlight: Automated Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson's Disease - Exploring the Possibilities and Challenges of Home Monitoring

Published on: July 14, 2023

1.7K

Exfiltrating data from an air-gapped system through a screen-camera covert channel.

Long Long Li1, Yu Liang Lu1, Xue Hu Yan1

  • 1National University of Defense Technology, No. 460 Huangshan Road, Hefei 230037, China.

Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering : MBE
|November 9, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a covert channel for air-gapped systems using screen-camera data transmission. It embeds unnoticeable Quick Response (QR) codes into display frames for robust data exfiltration.

Keywords:
air-gappedcovert channelsdata exfiltrationscreen-camera communication

More Related Videos

Automated Detection and Analysis of Exocytosis
13:28

Automated Detection and Analysis of Exocytosis

Published on: September 11, 2021

3.9K
Real-Time Void Spot Assay
06:39

Real-Time Void Spot Assay

Published on: February 10, 2023

2.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 4, 2026

Author Spotlight: Automated Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson's Disease - Exploring the Possibilities and Challenges of Home Monitoring
06:32

Author Spotlight: Automated Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson's Disease - Exploring the Possibilities and Challenges of Home Monitoring

Published on: July 14, 2023

1.7K
Automated Detection and Analysis of Exocytosis
13:28

Automated Detection and Analysis of Exocytosis

Published on: September 11, 2021

3.9K
Real-Time Void Spot Assay
06:39

Real-Time Void Spot Assay

Published on: February 10, 2023

2.5K

Area of Science:

  • Computer Science
  • Cybersecurity
  • Information Security

Background:

  • Existing methods for exfiltrating data from air-gapped systems include electromagnetic, thermal, acoustic, and optical covert channels.
  • The screen-camera covert channel, a type of optical channel, has been less explored due to its visibility to humans.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel air-gapped screen-camera covert channel with reduced perceptibility suitable for complex content.
  • To leverage the human vision system (HVS) characteristics for covert data embedding.

Main Methods:

  • Embedding Quick Response (QR) codes containing sensitive data into display frames, exploiting HVS limitations.
  • Utilizing image processing techniques to reconstruct QR codes from camera recordings.
  • Demonstrating feasibility with complex content and varying screen-camera angles (0°, 15°, 30°).

Main Results:

  • The proposed method successfully embeds data in display frames with minimal perceptible alteration to the HVS.
  • QR codes were reconstructed with a degree of robustness, owing to their inherent error correction capabilities.
  • The technique proved feasible even with complex visual content and at different viewing angles.

Conclusions:

  • The developed screen-camera covert channel offers a less perceptible method for data exfiltration from air-gapped systems.
  • This approach enhances the covertness of optical channels by integrating QR codes into visual displays.
  • The method is viable for scenarios where a program can modify display frames without user detection.