Advanced Open-Celled Structures from Low-Temperature Sintering of a Crystallization-Resistant Bioactive Glass

Most materials for bone tissue engineering are in form of highly porous open-celled components (porosity >70%) developed by means of an adequate coupling of formulations and manufacturing technologies. This paper is dedicated to porous components from BGMS10 bioactive glass, originally designed to undergo viscous flow sintering without crystallization, which is generally known to degrade the bioactivity of 45S5 bioglass. The adopted manufacturing technologies were specifically conceived to avoid any contamination and give excellent control on the microstructures by simple operations. More precisely, 'green' components were obtained by digital light processing and direct foaming of glass powders suspended in a photosensitive organic binder or in an aqueous solution, activated with an organic base, respectively. Owing to characteristic quite large sintering window of BGMS10 glass, sintering at 750 °C caused the consolidation of the structures generated at room temperature, without any evidence of viscous collapse.