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Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotional Autobiographical Recollection
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My career development with Ames test: A personal recollection.

Takehiko Nohmi1

  • 1Biological Safety Research Center, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan.

Mutation Research. Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis
|November 9, 2019
PubMed
Summary

The Ames test is crucial for screening food additive mutagenicity and understanding carcinogen activation. Enhanced Salmonella strains (YG1021, YG1024) improve detection of mutagens like nitroarenes and aromatic amines.

Keywords:
Aromatic aminesDinBNitroarenesThresholdYG straingpt delta

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Mutagenesis
  • Carcinogenesis
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The Ames test is a standard method for assessing chemical mutagenicity.
  • Investigating metabolic activation is key to understanding chemical carcinogens.
  • Species differences in metabolic activation can affect mutagenicity results.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To screen food additives for mutagenicity using the Ames test.
  • To elucidate metabolic activation mechanisms of chemical carcinogens, exemplified by phenacetin.
  • To develop more sensitive bacterial strains for detecting specific mutagens.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Ames test with Salmonella typhimurium strains.
  • Employed rat and hamster liver homogenates (S9) to study metabolic activation.
  • Cloned and utilized genes encoding nitroreductase and acetyltransferase in Salmonella.
  • Disrupted DNA polymerase genes in Salmonella to classify mutagens.
  • Developed gpt delta transgenic rodent assays for in vivo testing.

Main Results:

  • Phenacetin showed species-specific mutagenicity due to differences in deacetylation activity between rat and hamster S9.
  • Genetically modified Salmonella strains (YG1021, YG1024) exhibited high sensitivity to nitroarenes and aromatic amines.
  • Chemical mutagens were classified into four groups based on their reliance on specific DNA polymerases.
  • Transgenic rodent assays provided in vivo validation of Ames test findings.

Conclusions:

  • The Ames test and its derivatives are powerful tools for environmental mutagenesis research.
  • Understanding metabolic activation pathways is critical for accurate carcinogenicity assessment.
  • Development of sensitive bacterial and rodent assays enhances the ability to detect and classify mutagens.