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History of Cranial Nerve-Implanted Stimulators in Otolaryngology
Ksenia A Aaron1, Albert C Mudry1
1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America
|November 9, 2019
Abstract:
This article aims to clearly understand the historical development of cranial nerve-implanted stimulators in otolaryngology. The authors also discuss cranial nerve history; initial theory of the functional concept of animal spirit; electrical nerve impulse theory; first electrical otolaryngology cranial nerve stimulation devices; and the development of implanted stimulators.
