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Maxwell Fisheye Lens Based Retrodirective Array.

Muhammad Ali Babar Abbasi1, Vincent F Fusco2

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Summary
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This study introduces a Maxwell fisheye lens for passive retrodirective antenna arrays. The lens enables efficient energy flow and practical antenna connections, demonstrating a high-efficiency prototype.

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Area of Science:

  • Electromagnetics and Optics
  • Antenna Theory and Design
  • Metamaterials and Lens Technology

Background:

  • Passive retrodirective antennas are crucial for applications requiring signal self-guidance.
  • Existing passive retrodirective topologies often face limitations in scalability and complexity.
  • The Maxwell fisheye lens offers a novel approach to achieving retrodirective functionality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and demonstrate a passive retrodirective antenna array using a Maxwell fisheye lens.
  • To investigate the energy flow characteristics and image properties of the Maxwell fisheye lens.
  • To develop a practical and scalable retrodirective antenna solution.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing parallel plate index grading to construct the Maxwell fisheye lens.
  • Designing the lens for a 10 GHz operating frequency for experimental validation.
  • Connecting a cross-polarized microstrip patch antenna array to the lens probes.
  • Optimizing transmission line lengths for maximum re-radiation power.

Main Results:

  • Achieved 85% energy flow efficiency at the lens's drain probe (image point).
  • Demonstrated point symmetry with reverse phase in the Maxwell fisheye lens image, enabling retrodirective action.
  • Developed a practical retrodirective array with an unconstrained number of radiating elements.
  • Reported experimental results of a prototype high-efficiency passive retrodirective array.

Conclusions:

  • The Maxwell fisheye lens provides a highly practical and efficient solution for passive retrodirective antenna arrays.
  • This design overcomes limitations of previous topologies, offering superior scalability.
  • The demonstrated prototype validates the theoretical design principles for high-performance retrodirective systems.