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Sex differences in cardiometabolic disorders

Eva Gerdts1, Vera Regitz-Zagrosek2,3

  • 1Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. eva.gerdts@med.uib.no.

Nature Medicine
|November 9, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Cardiometabolic disorders are rising globally, with sex-specific differences in heart conditions like heart failure. Understanding these sex differences in risk factors and mechanisms is crucial for developing targeted therapies.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolism

Background:

  • Global rise in cardiometabolic disorders linked to obesity.
  • Obesity associates with hypertension, impaired glucose regulation, and dyslipidemia.
  • Sex-specific differences in common cardiac disorders are increasingly recognized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Review sex differences in cardiometabolic risk factors.
  • Examine sex-specific preclinical and clinical cardiac disorders.
  • Discuss potential sex-specific therapeutic avenues.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of sex differences in cardiometabolic health.
  • Analysis of hormonal, molecular, and gender influences on metabolism.
  • Synthesis of current evidence on sex-specific cardiac pathophysiology.

Main Results:

  • Cardiometabolic risk factors and disorders exhibit significant sex-specific patterns.
  • Sex hormones, molecular pathways, and gender impact glucose, lipid, and cardiac energy metabolism.
  • Emerging evidence highlights distinct mechanisms underlying sex-specific cardiac conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Sex differences are critical in understanding cardiometabolic risk and disease.
  • Further research into sex-specific mechanisms is needed for effective treatment.
  • Therapeutic strategies may require sex-specific tailoring for optimal outcomes.

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