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Sequential infection can decrease virulence in a fish-bacterium-fluke interaction: Implications for aquaculture

Anssi Karvonen1, Andy Fenton2, Lotta-Riina Sundberg1,3

  • 1Department of Biological and Environmental Science University of Jyvaskyla Jyvaskyla Finland.

Evolutionary Applications
|November 9, 2019
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sequential parasite infections in aquaculture can reduce bacterial virulence and disease impact. Host infection history significantly influences parasite epidemiology and virulence evolution in farming environments.

Keywords:
dynamic infectionepidemiologymultiple infectionssequential infectionspatiotemporal variation

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Area of Science:

  • Aquatic Animal Health
  • Parasitology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Multiple parasite infections are common in aquaculture, affecting disease dynamics.
  • Understanding sequential infection impacts is crucial for disease management in intensive farming.
  • Previous host exposure can alter current infection virulence, impacting disease outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of infection timing on parasite virulence in aquaculture.
  • To explore how sequential exposure to *Flavobacterium columnare* and *Diplostomum pseudospathaceum* impacts fish hosts.
  • To model the epidemiological consequences of sequential infections in fish populations.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental exposure of fish to flukes followed by bacteria at varying time intervals.
  • Assessing bacterial virulence and host recovery rates.
  • Developing and parameterizing a mathematical model for epidemiological predictions.

Main Results:

  • Sequential infections, regardless of timing, significantly reduced bacterial virulence in a genotype-specific manner.
  • Mathematical modeling predicted decreased population-level impact of bacterial epidemics due to sequential exposure.
  • Increased host recovery rates in sequentially infected individuals were a primary factor in population protection.

Conclusions:

  • Host infection history significantly influences parasite virulence and disease epidemiology in aquaculture.
  • The genetic makeup of parasite populations can modulate the impact of sequential infections.
  • Sequential infections can offer a protective effect at the population level, impacting disease management strategies.