Carbohydrate-restricted Diet and Exercise Increase Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor and Cognitive Function: A...

Area of Science:

• Metabolic syndrome research
• Neuroscience and cognitive function
• Nutritional science and exercise physiology

Background:

• Metabolic syndrome (MetS) presents significant global health challenges.
• Energy metabolism mechanisms are increasingly linked to cognitive function.
• Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a crucial role in neuronal plasticity and metabolic processes, influenced by diet and exercise.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the impact of diet and exercise on BDNF levels and cognitive function in individuals with MetS.
• To explore the metabolic associations related to these interventions.

Main Methods:

• Twelve MetS subjects underwent two 4-week interventions in a crossover design: carbohydrate-restricted Paleolithic-based diet (CRPD) with sedentary activity (CRPD-Sed) and CRPD with high-intensity interval training (HIIT).
• Serum BDNF was measured using ELISA.
• Cognitive executive function (Stroop Test) and self-perceived cognitive function (MOS-CFS) were assessed.

Main Results:

• Both CRPD-Sed and CRPD-Ex interventions significantly improved cognitive function variables.
• Peripheral serum BDNF levels increased by 20% (CRPD-Sed) and 38% (CRPD-Ex).
• BDNF showed inverse correlations with body fat percentage, fasting glucose, triglycerides, and insulin sensitivity.

Conclusions:

• A short-term carbohydrate-restricted diet positively impacts serum BDNF and executive function in individuals with MetS.
• Incorporating high-intensity interval training alongside the diet further enhances neuroprotection and cognitive function beyond diet alone.