Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

3.7K
Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
3.7K
Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.7K
The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
2.7K
Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity01:26

Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity

3.1K
Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
3.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Tuning Adhesion through 3D Mesogen Alignment in Liquid Crystalline Elastomers.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2026
Same author

Engineering and Exploring Hydrolytic Degradation in 3D-Printed Liquid Crystalline Elastomers.

Biomacromolecules·2026
Same author

Ultrafast-relaxing and photopolymerizable PEG hydrogels enable viscoelasticity-mediated cell remodeling in synthetic matrices.

Matter·2026
Same author

Lithographic crystallinity regulation in additive fabrication of thermoplastics (CRAFT).

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same author

Honeybees adapt to a range of comb cell sizes by merging, tilting, and layering their construction.

PLoS biology·2025
Same author

Anisotropic liquid crystalline hydrogels direct 2D and 3D myoblast alignment.

Advanced functional materials·2025
Same journal

Nanopore sequencing with proteins: synchronization and dischronization of molecular dynamics simulations with laboratory and industrial developments.

Soft matter·2026
Same journal

Catanionics from biosurfactants and regular surfactants: miscibility and structure.

Soft matter·2026
Same journal

Adhesives with a thickness smaller than the fractocohesive length enhance adhesion.

Soft matter·2026
Same journal

Non-equilibrium phase transitions in hybrid Voronoi models of cell colonies.

Soft matter·2026
Same journal

Effects of methoxy substituents on self-assembly and gelation performance of benzamide-based organogelators.

Soft matter·2026
Same journal

Rheology of <i>Escherichia coli</i> suspensions with various bacterial morphologies and motion characteristics.

Soft matter·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 4, 2026

Preparation of Monodomain Liquid Crystal Elastomers and Liquid Crystal Elastomer Nanocomposites
12:21

Preparation of Monodomain Liquid Crystal Elastomers and Liquid Crystal Elastomer Nanocomposites

Published on: February 6, 2016

13.4K

Localizing genesis in polydomain liquid crystal elastomers.

Hayden E Fowler1, Brian R Donovan, Joselle M McCracken

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA. Timothy.J.White@colorado.edu.

Soft Matter
|November 9, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new method to program liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) for localized, omnidirectional deformation. The technique uses temperature-controlled photopolymerization to create LCEs with controlled soft elasticity.

More Related Videos

Microfluidic Preparation of Liquid Crystalline Elastomer Actuators
12:04

Microfluidic Preparation of Liquid Crystalline Elastomer Actuators

Published on: May 20, 2018

9.4K
Synthesis of Programmable Main-chain Liquid-crystalline Elastomers Using a Two-stage Thiol-acrylate Reaction
11:17

Synthesis of Programmable Main-chain Liquid-crystalline Elastomers Using a Two-stage Thiol-acrylate Reaction

Published on: January 19, 2016

22.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 4, 2026

Preparation of Monodomain Liquid Crystal Elastomers and Liquid Crystal Elastomer Nanocomposites
12:21

Preparation of Monodomain Liquid Crystal Elastomers and Liquid Crystal Elastomer Nanocomposites

Published on: February 6, 2016

13.4K
Microfluidic Preparation of Liquid Crystalline Elastomer Actuators
12:04

Microfluidic Preparation of Liquid Crystalline Elastomer Actuators

Published on: May 20, 2018

9.4K
Synthesis of Programmable Main-chain Liquid-crystalline Elastomers Using a Two-stage Thiol-acrylate Reaction
11:17

Synthesis of Programmable Main-chain Liquid-crystalline Elastomers Using a Two-stage Thiol-acrylate Reaction

Published on: January 19, 2016

22.9K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Soft Matter Physics

Background:

  • Programming local orientation in liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) enables localized deformation.
  • Previous methods using surface alignment resulted in direction-dependent deformation.
  • Polydomain LCEs exhibit omnidirectional soft elasticity due to the absence of macroscopic orientation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a method for localized, omnidirectional deformation in LCEs.
  • To exploit the distinct mechanical responses of polydomain LCEs with isotropic or nematic genesis.
  • To create homogeneous LCEs with spatially programmable mechanical responses.

Main Methods:

  • Localized polydomain genesis using masked photopolymerizations at different temperatures.
  • Preparation of main-chain, polydomain LCEs.
  • Characterization of material composition and mechanical response.

Main Results:

  • Achieved spatially localized programmability in LCEs.
  • Demonstrated mechanical response uniform in all directions (omnidirectional).
  • Created homogeneous LCEs with controlled localized deformation.

Conclusions:

  • The developed method allows for precise control over LCE deformation.
  • This approach enables the creation of advanced soft materials with tailored mechanical properties.
  • The findings open new avenues for applications requiring localized, omnidirectional actuation.