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Vasectomy is a surgical form of male sterilization that involves severing and sealing the vasa deferentia, preventing sperm from mixing with semen during ejaculation. Because a vasectomy does not impact the testes' ability to produce testosterone, hormone levels, libido, and sexual function generally remain unchanged. While vasectomy is highly effective in preventing pregnancy, with a success rate near 99.85%, rare cases of recanalization (spontaneous reconnection) can occur. Although...
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Biomaterials and Contraception: Promises and Pitfalls.

Isabella Claure1, Deborah Anderson2,3, Catherine M Klapperich1,4,5

  • 1Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.

Annals of Biomedical Engineering
|November 9, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Current contraceptive technologies face challenges in effectiveness, leading to high rates of unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections. This review examines the bioengineering of existing and novel contraceptive methods to improve reproductive health outcomes globally.

Keywords:
Barrier technologiesBioengineering designHormonal delivery devicesReproductive healthSTI prevention

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Reproductive Health
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Global reproductive and sexual health show disparities in contraceptive use and effectiveness.
  • High rates of unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections persist despite current methods.
  • Biomedical innovations in the 20th century advanced contraceptive technologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the bioengineering design of current contraceptive methods.
  • To explore novel adaptations in contraceptive technology.
  • To identify shortcomings in existing contraceptive approaches.

Main Methods:

  • Categorization of reversible methods (barriers, hormonal delivery) and irreversible sterilization.
  • Analysis of biomaterials, primarily elastomers like polydimethylsiloxane and ethylene vinyl acetate.
  • Examination of how contraceptives alter cellular functions in reproductive systems.

Main Results:

  • Current contraceptives rely on well-characterized elastomers for device fabrication.
  • Contraceptive mechanisms involve altering cellular components to impair fertility.
  • Existing methods have limitations impacting their overall effectiveness.

Conclusions:

  • Bioengineering plays a crucial role in contraceptive development.
  • Further innovation is needed to address the shortcomings of current contraceptive technologies.
  • Improved contraceptive design can significantly impact global reproductive health outcomes.