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Related Concept Videos

Capillary Electrophoresis: Applications01:30

Capillary Electrophoresis: Applications

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Capillary electrophoretic separations offer various modes, each with unique applications. These modes include capillary zone electrophoresis, capillary gel electrophoresis, capillary array electrophoresis, capillary isoelectric focusing, capillary isotachophoresis, micellar electrokinetic chromatography, and capillary electrochromatography.
Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) separates ionic components based on their electrophoretic mobility. It has been used to separate proteins, amino acids,...
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Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

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Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
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High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Elution Process01:05

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In High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), the elution process is critical to the separation of analytes and the quality of chromatographic results. Elution describes how compounds move through the column and separate based on their interactions with the mobile and stationary phases. This process determines the resolution, peak shape, and retention times in the chromatogram, which are essential for identifying and quantifying components in complex mixtures. Understanding the elution...
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Ion-exchange chromatography, or IEC, is a technique for separating ions based on their affinity for the stationary phase. The stationary phase is a cross-linked polymer resin with covalently attached ionic functional groups. The functional groups can be either positively charged (cation exchangers) or negatively charged (anion exchangers). A cation exchanger consists of a polymeric anion and active cations, while an anion exchanger is a polymeric cation with active anions. The choice of...
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Solvents01:12

Solvents

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A solvent is a substance, most often a liquid, that can dissolve other substances. Here, the substance being dissolved is called a solute. When a solvent and a solute combine, they form a solution - a homogenous mixture of both the solvent and the solute. Water is a universal biological solvent. Its polar structure allows it to dissolve many other polar compounds. The ability of water to dissolve is governed by a balance between water molecules binding to each other and binding to the solute.
A...
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Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

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Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
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Updated: Jan 4, 2026

Preparation of Binary and Ternary Deep Eutectic Systems
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Aqueous two-phase systems based on deep eutectic solvents and their application in green separation processes.

Rong-Tao Zhao1,2,3, Dong Pei2,3, Pei-Liang Yu4

  • 1Institute of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China.

Journal of Separation Science
|November 9, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Deep eutectic solvent based aqueous two-phase systems offer an eco-friendly separation method. This review covers their phase equilibrium, microstructure, applications in separating biomolecules, and solvent recovery strategies.

Keywords:
aqueous two-phase systemsdeep eutectic solventsphase equilibriumrecovery

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Area of Science:

  • Green Chemistry
  • Separation Science
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Deep eutectic solvents (DES) are emerging as environmentally benign alternatives to traditional solvents.
  • Aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) offer efficient and scalable separation methods.
  • DES-based ATPS combine the advantages of both technologies for advanced separations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in DES-based ATPS.
  • To highlight future research directions in this field.
  • To consolidate knowledge on DES-ATPS for various applications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on DES-based ATPS.
  • Analysis of factors influencing phase equilibrium and microstructure.
  • Examination of separation efficiencies for target compounds.
  • Assessment of DES removal and recovery techniques.

Main Results:

  • DES and inorganic salts significantly impact phase equilibrium and microstructure.
  • DES-ATPS demonstrate high efficiency in separating proteins, biopolymers, saponins, and organic acids.
  • Effective methods for DES removal and recovery from ATPS have been developed.

Conclusions:

  • DES-based ATPS represent a promising green technology for diverse separation challenges.
  • Further research can optimize DES-ATPS for enhanced efficiency and sustainability.
  • This technology holds potential for industrial-scale bioseparations and purification processes.