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Accurate Detection of Arbitrary Photon Statistics.

Josef Hloušek¹, Michal Dudka¹, Ivo Straka¹

¹Department of Optics, Palacký University, 17. listopadu 12, 77146 Olomouc, Czechia.

Physical Review Letters

|November 9, 2019

Summary

This study introduces a novel measurement workflow for precisely quantifying photon numbers. The new method achieves high fidelity, enabling advanced optical technologies without complex detector calibration.

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Area of Science:

Quantum Optics
Photonics
Quantum Information Science

Background:

Accurate photon-number measurements are crucial for advancing quantum optics and quantum information technologies.
Existing methods often suffer from systematic errors and limitations in detector capabilities.
Characterizing complex quantum states requires precise photon statistics.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and demonstrate a systematic error-free measurement workflow for photon-number distributions.
To achieve high-fidelity characterization of various light states, including nonclassical and non-Gaussian light.
To enable advanced optical technologies by providing full photon-number information.

Main Methods:

Implementation of a reconfigurable photon-number-resolving detector.
Development of custom electronic circuitry for signal processing.
Application of a faithful data-processing algorithm for accurate analysis.

Main Results:

Achieved an average fidelity of 0.998 in measuring photon-number distributions, with errors mainly from light sources.
Successfully measured photon numbers up to 20 and autocorrelation functions from g(2)=6×10−3 to 2.
Demonstrated detection of diverse light types: chaotic, classical, nonclassical, non-Gaussian, and negative-Wigner-function light.

Conclusions:

The developed workflow provides unprecedented accuracy in photon-number measurements.
This method eliminates the need for detector tomography, simplifying advanced quantum optical experiments.
Opens new avenues for optical technologies requiring precise photon-number information.