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Biological agents offer an effective means of controlling microbial growth by leveraging natural processes like predation, competition, and the secretion of antimicrobial substances.Predatory bacteria such as Bdellovibrio species target and kill pathogens like Salmonella and E. coli. They are widely used in poultry farms to control infections. Myxococcus species help combat plant-pathogenic fungi. These naturally occurring predators serve as eco-friendly alternatives to chemical pesticides and...
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Updated: Jan 4, 2026

Systematic Approach to Identify Novel Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Molecules from Plants' Extracts and Fractions to Prevent Dental Caries
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Phytoextracts as Antibacterials: A Review.

Goutam Chandra1, Devaleena Mukherjee1, Anushree Singha Ray1

  • 1Mosquito Microbiology and Nanotechnology Research Units, Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan-713104, West Bengal, India.

Current Drug Discovery Technologies
|November 9, 2019
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Summary

Medicinal plants offer natural antimicrobial solutions, presenting a safer alternative to synthetic antibiotics for treating microbial diseases. Their extracts are eco-friendly, affordable, and effective against various pathogens.

Keywords:
Different plant partsactive ingredientsantibacterial activitybioactive compoundsphytochemicalsphytoextracts

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Area of Science:

  • Ethnobotany
  • Pharmacology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Botanicals have historically been used for flavoring, treating ailments, and combating microbial infections.
  • Growing concerns regarding synthetic antibiotic overuse highlight the need for alternative antimicrobial agents.
  • Traditional medicine, recommended by the World Health Organization, offers safe remedies for microbial diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential of plant extracts as antimicrobial agents.
  • To consolidate knowledge on phytochemicals and their antibacterial activities.
  • To understand the mechanisms of action and properties of isolated active ingredients for biological control of bacteria.

Main Methods:

  • Review and organization of existing knowledge on plant extracts and their antimicrobial properties.
  • Analysis of phytochemicals, antibacterial activity, and mechanisms of action.
  • Consideration of extraction solvents and properties of isolated active compounds.

Main Results:

  • Plant extracts demonstrate broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities.
  • Herbal products are generally non-hazardous, affordable, biodegradable, and eco-friendly.
  • Different plant parts exhibit antimicrobial properties effective at low doses.

Conclusions:

  • Plant-derived antimicrobials represent a promising and sustainable alternative to synthetic antibiotics.
  • Further research into phytochemicals and their specific mechanisms can enhance the biological control of bacteria.
  • Harnessing traditional knowledge on medicinal plants is crucial for developing novel antimicrobial therapies.