The Future of Environmental DNA in Forensic Science

DNA sequencing technologies continue to improve, and there has been a corresponding expansion of DNA-based applications in the forensic sciences. DNA recovered from dust and environmental debris can be used to identify the organisms associated with these sample types, including bacteria, plants, fungi, and insects. Such results can then be leveraged to discern sample origin or geolocation and investigate individual identification. Here, we take a critical look at the current DNA-based technologies using microbiome and environmental sample sources that are focused on the generation of some investigative tools for use in forensic science. We discuss the pitfalls and contentions associated with the use of these techniques and highlight some of the future research required to expand the utility of these methods in the forensic sciences.