Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 4, 2026
05:26
Enactive Phenomenological Approach to the Trier Social Stress Test: A Mixed Methods Point of View
Published on: January 7, 2019
7.1K
Effect of Reflection and Deliberation on Health State Values: A Mixed-Methods Study
Milad Karimi1, John Brazier2, Suzy Paisley2
1Health Economics and Decision Science, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England, UK; Erasmus School of Health Policy & Management, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Summary
Reflection and deliberation did not significantly alter aggregate health state values, suggesting current methods may not fully inform preferences. Further research is needed to understand how individuals construct health state values.
Area of Science:
- Health Economics
- Decision Science
- Psychology
Background:
- Health economists elicit public preferences for health states.
- Individuals often construct preferences during valuation tasks.
- Conventional methods lack participant reflection and deliberation time.
Purpose of the Study:
- Investigate the impact of reflection and deliberation on health state preferences.
- Utilize the EQ-5D questionnaire and time trade-off valuation.
- Employ a concurrent explanatory mixed-methods design.
Main Methods:
- 57 UK participants valued health states pre- and post-deliberation.
- Group-based deliberation exercise facilitated preference exchange.
- Mixed-methods approach explained quantitative findings.
Main Results:
- Individual health state values changed significantly, but aggregate values remained stable.
- Deliberation focused on subjective beliefs, not new information or reduced inconsistency.
- Participants accepted but did not adopt differing opinions, retaining uncertainty.
Conclusions:
- Reflection and deliberation, as studied, unlikely to cause large systematic changes in health state values.
- Participant uncertainty highlights need to explore preference formation and information's role.
- Mixed-methods design effectively elucidates reasons behind quantitative results.
Related Concept Videos
01:29Concepts of Health and Illness
16.9K
Health is a condition of the body, mind, and spirit where an individual remains free from illness. Similarly, wellness is an active state, including living a lifestyle that promotes physical, mental, and emotional health. Physical health is critical for the overall well-being and can be affected by lifestyle, activity level, diet, and behavior. The highest attainable standard of health is a fundamental and universal human right. Consider Lisa, a fifteen-year-old born with congenital...
16.9K
01:09Decision Making: P-value Method
6.8K
The process of hypothesis testing based on the P-value method includes calculating the P- value using the sample data and interpreting it.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is proposed. The claim is based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to the claim is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses: a null hypothesis would be a neutral statement while the alternative hypothesis can...
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is proposed. The claim is based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to the claim is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses: a null hypothesis would be a neutral statement while the alternative hypothesis can...
6.8K
01:22Ethics and Bioethics
2.6K
Ethics is a philosophical study of moral actions. Ethics attempts to determine what is valuable for individuals and society. It examines the rational justification of moral judgments and analyzes what is morally just, fair, and right. Bioethics is a sub-discipline of applied ethics that analyzes the philosophical, social, and legal issues in life sciences and medicine. Ethical theories serve as a foundation for decision-making and represent the viewpoints from which people seek direction. They...
2.6K
01:13Patient-centered Care
2.8K
Patient-centered care involves delivering care beyond inpatient hospitalization. Reflective practice can enhance a patient-centered approach. Reflective practice is a process of reasoning that considers all aspects of the present situation, including practicalities, learning from personal practice, and consideration of patient needs. Patients appreciate care decisions made while considering their input. Involving the patient in their care provides the patient with a sense of contribution rather...
2.8K
01:21Self-Awareness and Its Effects
239
Self-awareness is a psychological state in which the individual becomes the focal point of their attention. This inward focus transforms the self into an object of contemplation and assessment, influencing how individuals perceive their actions and their alignment with personal and societal standards.Triggers and Contexts for Self-AwarenessSelf-awareness can be activated by external stimuli that make individuals visually or audibly aware of themselves, such as mirrors, cameras, or recordings.
239
01:29Introspection
178
Introspection, long upheld as a reliable route to self-knowledge, involves examining one's thoughts, emotions, and mental processes. It underpins many psychological practices, from mindfulness meditation to psychotherapy and self-help strategies. However, empirical evidence challenges the accuracy of introspection as a means of understanding oneself.Limitations of Introspective InsightSeminal work by Nisbett and Wilson demonstrated that individuals are frequently unaware of the true causes...
178