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Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

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Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
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Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

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Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
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Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators01:20

Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators

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Ezocgabine or retigabine, an antiepileptic drug of remarkable efficacy, has revolutionized the management of seizures. It is a potassium channel activator, explicitly targeting the family of Q subtype potassium channels. It enhances the transmembrane potassium currents, regulating neuronal excitability. This action stabilizes the resting membrane potential, a pivotal factor in mitigating the hyperexcitability that characterizes epilepsy.
Ezogabine has gained approval as an adjunctive treatment...
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Electroconvulsive Therapy01:30

Electroconvulsive Therapy

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Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), or shock therapy, remains a critical biomedical intervention for severe, treatment-resistant depression. While its origins can be traced back to Hippocrates' observations that malaria-induced convulsions alleviated mental illness, modern ECT has evolved significantly from its earlier, more primitive applications. First introduced in 1938 by Ugo Cerletti and his colleagues, ECT involves inducing controlled seizures using electrical currents. In its early...
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Antiepileptic Drugs: Calcium Channel Blockers01:17

Antiepileptic Drugs: Calcium Channel Blockers

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Calcium channel blockers, a class of antiepileptic drugs, regulate the flow of calcium ions within neurons.
Calcium channel blockers exert their antiepileptic effects by targeting T-type calcium channels, which are integral to transmitting nerve signals in the central nervous system. These channels allow the passage of calcium ions, which are vital for neuronal communication. By inhibiting T-type calcium channels, calcium channel blockers effectively reduce the release of neurotransmitters and...
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Acute Respiratory Failure-III01:30

Acute Respiratory Failure-III

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Hypercapnic respiratory failure, also known as Type 2 or ventilatory respiratory failure, is a severe condition characterized by the body's inability to effectively remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the bloodstream. It leads to an arterial CO2 pressure (PaCO2) exceeding 45 mmHg and a blood pH above 7.35. This situation indicates that the body's ventilatory demand, or the ventilation needed to maintain normal PaCO2 levels, surpasses its supply or the maximum gas flow achievable without...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 4, 2026

Methods for ECG Evaluation of Indicators of Cardiac Risk, and Susceptibility to Aconitine-induced Arrhythmias in Rats Following Status Epilepticus
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Methods for ECG Evaluation of Indicators of Cardiac Risk, and Susceptibility to Aconitine-induced Arrhythmias in Rats Following Status Epilepticus

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Why do patients die after status epilepticus?

Sara Hocker1

  • 1Division of Neurocritical Care and Hospital Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States of America.

Epilepsy & Behavior : E&B
|November 12, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Limited understanding exists regarding deaths in status epilepticus (SE) patients. This review synthesizes information on SE mortality causes and anesthetic drug impacts, addressing care withdrawal. Further collaboration is invited.

Keywords:
AnestheticCauses of deathStatus epilepticusWithdrawal of life sustaining treatment

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Status epilepticus (SE) epidemiology and outcome predictors are well-documented globally.
  • However, the specific causes of death in hospitalized SE patients remain poorly understood.
  • Existing literature presents conflicting findings regarding the impact of continuous intravenous anesthetic drugs on SE mortality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize current knowledge on causes of death in hospitalized status epilepticus patients.
  • To reconcile conflicting studies on the influence of continuous intravenous anesthetic drugs on SE mortality.
  • To present new data on withdrawal of care in SE.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of published literature on SE mortality.
  • Analysis of studies investigating continuous intravenous anesthetic drugs in SE.
  • Inclusion of new data presented at the 7th London-Innsbruck Colloquium on Status Epilepticus and Acute Seizures.

Main Results:

  • The abstract indicates a synthesis of existing data and new findings will be presented.
  • Specific results regarding causes of death and anesthetic drug effects are not detailed in the abstract.
  • New data on withdrawal of care in SE will be addressed.

Conclusions:

  • Further research and collaboration are needed to fully understand SE mortality.
  • Clarification of the role of anesthetic drugs in SE outcomes is essential.
  • Addressing care withdrawal in SE is a critical area for future investigation.