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Related Concept Videos

Heterochromatin02:38

Heterochromatin

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The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at...
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Heterochromatin02:38

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Duplication of Chromatin Structure02:05

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The process of chromosome duplication during cell division requires genome-wide disruption and re-assembly of chromatin. The chromatin structure must be accurately inherited, reassembled, and maintained in the daughter cells to ensure lineage propagation.
The basic unit of the chromatin is the nucleosome, consisting of DNA wrapped around octameric histone proteins and short stretches of linker DNA separating individual nucleosomes. The histone proteins within the nucleosome have their...
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Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

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In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
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Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

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The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
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A Method to Study de novo Formation of Chromatin Domains
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Engaging chromatin: PRC2 structure meets function.

Paul Chammas1, Ivano Mocavini1, Luciano Di Croce2,3,4

  • 1Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona, 08003, Spain.

British Journal of Cancer
|November 12, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) regulates gene expression and is crucial for development. Mutations in PRC2 subunits drive cancer by altering gene regulation, impacting tumor suppressors and oncogenes.

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Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Biology

Background:

  • Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) is a key epigenetic regulator of gene expression in metazoans.
  • Its core tetrameric complex possesses histone methyltransferase activity, specifically methylating H3K27.
  • Associated factors modulate PRC2's targeting specificity and enzymatic activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the latest structural studies on PRC2 composition and function.
  • To analyze the impact of gain- and loss-of-function mutations in cancer on PRC2 activity.

Main Methods:

  • Structural studies of PRC2.
  • Literature review of cancer-associated PRC2 mutations.

Main Results:

  • PRC2's structure dictates its function in H3K27 methylation.
  • Mutations in PRC2 subunits are implicated in developmental defects and lethality.
  • Somatic mutations in PRC2 drive tumorigenesis by dysregulating key oncogenes and tumor suppressors.

Conclusions:

  • Structural insights are crucial for understanding PRC2 function.
  • PRC2 mutations significantly impact cancer development and progression.
  • Further research into PRC2 mutations can inform cancer therapeutics.