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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Copolymers are the products obtained from the polymerization of multiple monomer species. So, in a polymer chain itself, there can be multiple repeating units that come from different monomers. The process of synthesizing a polymer from different monomer species is called copolymerization. When two monomers are involved, the polymer is known as a bipolymer. Polymers with three and four monomers are termed terpolymers and quaterpolymers, respectively. Figure 1 depicts the copolymerization of...
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Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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Polymers that are made up of identical monomer units are called homopolymers. Only one repeating unit is involved in the construction of the homopolymer structure. For example, as depicted in Figure 1, polypropylene is a homopolymer constituted of propylene monomers. Here, the only repeating unit in the polymer chain is propylene.
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Water-soluble polyglycerol-dendronized poly(norbornene)s with functional side-chains.

Sung Hyun Cho1, Si Kyung Yang1

  • 1Department of Chemistry Education, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea. sky223@jnu.ac.kr.

Soft Matter
|November 12, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Researchers synthesized novel polyglycerol-dendronized poly(norbornene)s (PGD-PNBs) with tunable hydroxyl and amine functionalities. These water-soluble, fluorescent polymers show promise for advanced material applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Organic Synthesis

Background:

  • Poly(norbornene)s offer a versatile backbone for polymer functionalization.
  • Dendronization allows for precise control over polymer architecture and properties.
  • Amine and hydroxyl groups are crucial for further modification and applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize high molecular weight polyglycerol-dendronized poly(norbornene)s (PGD-PNBs).
  • To incorporate peripheral hydroxyl groups and backbone amine functionalities.
  • To demonstrate the utility of amine groups for attaching hydrophobic fluorophores.

Main Methods:

  • Ring-opening metathesis polymerization of norbornene monomers.
  • Iterative dihydroxylation and allylation for dendron growth.
  • Functionalization of amine groups with hydrophobic fluorophores (coumarin, pyrene).

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of fourth-generation PGD-PNBs with a degree of polymerization of ca. 500.
  • PGD-PNBs possess 16 peripheral hydroxyl groups and amine groups on each backbone repeat unit.
  • Incorporation of fluorophores resulted in highly water-soluble and fluorescent PGD-PNB structures.

Conclusions:

  • PGD-PNBs are a novel class of functional polymers with controlled architecture.
  • The developed synthetic route allows for tunable peripheral and backbone functionalization.
  • These PGD-PNBs exhibit desirable water solubility and fluorescence for potential applications.