Applications and efficiency of flow cytometry for leukemia diagnostics

Area of Science:

• Hematology
• Immunology
• Oncology

Background:

• Multiparametric flow cytometry immunophenotype (MFCI) is vital for acute leukemia (AL) diagnosis.
• MFCI distinguishes between myeloid, lymphoid, and ambiguous lineage AL by analyzing blast antigens.
• It is applicable to bone marrow, peripheral blood, and cerebrospinal fluid samples.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the current diagnostic applications of MFCI in acute leukemia.
• To highlight MFCI's role in diagnosing central nervous system leukemic involvement.
• To discuss MFCI's prognostic value and utility in assessing measurable residual disease.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive review of current literature on MFCI in AL diagnosis.
• Focus on specific applications, including CNS involvement and residual disease detection.
• Analysis of MFCI's contribution to prognostic information.

Main Results:

• MFCI remains a cornerstone for prompt and accurate AL diagnosis.
• MFCI provides prognostic information through antigen expression linked to genetic abnormalities.
• MFCI is a powerful tool for evaluating measurable residual disease, influencing treatment decisions.

Conclusions:

• MFCI is indispensable for acute leukemia diagnosis and subtyping.
• Its role extends to detecting central nervous system involvement and assessing treatment response.
• MFCI's ability to detect minimal residual disease impacts prognostic assessment and personalized interventions.