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Institutionally Based ImPACT Test® Normative Values May Differ from Manufacturer-Provided Normative Values.
Samuel R Walton1,2, Donna K Broshek3, Jason R Freeman4
1Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA.
Summary
Comparing post-concussion Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Test (ImPACT) results to institution-specific norms, not manufacturer data, is crucial. This study found significant differences, highlighting the risk of misclassifying neurocognitive impairment in athletes.
Area of Science:
- Sports Medicine
- Neuroscience
- Clinical Psychology
Background:
- Computerized neurocognitive assessments are used to evaluate concussions.
- The validity of using manufacturer-provided normative data versus institution-specific data for post-concussion assessment is debated.
- Manufacturer norms may not accurately reflect the performance of specific athlete populations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare institutionally derived normative data with manufacturer-provided normative data from ImPACT® Applications.
- To assess the potential for misclassification of neurocognitive impairment in collegiate athletes.
- To evaluate the utility of baseline testing versus manufacturer norms for concussion management.
Main Methods:
- A cohort study involving 952 NCAA Division 1 university student athletes.
- Participants completed baseline Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Test (ImPACT) assessments.
- Data were analyzed by comparing institutionally derived norms to manufacturer norms for ImPACT clinical composite scores (Verbal Memory, Visual Memory, Visual Motor Speed, Reaction Time) using Chi-squared analysis.
Main Results:
- Institutionally derived norms showed significantly different performance distributions compared to manufacturer norms (p < 0.001).
- Athletes performed above average on Verbal Memory, Visual Memory, and Visual Motor Speed, and slightly below average on Reaction Time when compared to manufacturer data.
- Significant differences were observed across all ImPACT clinical composite scores.
Conclusions:
- There are significant differences between manufacturer-provided and institutionally derived normative data for ImPACT assessments.
- Using manufacturer norms may lead to an increased risk of misclassifying neurocognitive impairment in athletes post-concussion.
- The study supports the use of institutionally derived norms or baseline testing for accurate concussion assessment.
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