Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Regression Toward the Mean01:52

Regression Toward the Mean

6.8K
Regression toward the mean (“RTM”) is a phenomenon in which extremely high or low values—for example, and individual’s blood pressure at a particular moment—appear closer to a group’s average upon remeasuring. Although this statistical peculiarity is the result of random error and chance, it has been problematic across various medical, scientific, financial and psychological applications. In particular, RTM, if not taken into account, can interfere when...
6.8K
Strategies for Assessing and Addressing Confounding01:25

Strategies for Assessing and Addressing Confounding

328
Confounding is a critical issue in epidemiological studies, often leading to misleading conclusions about associations between exposures and outcomes. It occurs when the relationship between the exposure and the outcome is mixed with the effects of other factors that influence the outcome. Given that, addressing confounding is of high importance for drawing accurate inferences in research.
Confounding can be addressed at both the design phase of a study and through analytical methods after data...
328
Theoretical Approaches to Psychological Disorder01:29

Theoretical Approaches to Psychological Disorder

597
The development of psychological disorders, which are characterized by deviant, maladaptive, and personally distressing behaviors, has been explored through several theoretical approaches.
Biological approach
The biological approach posits that internal, organic factors are the primary causes of such disorders. This perspective emphasizes brain structure and function, genetic predispositions, and neurotransmitter imbalances. For example, schizophrenia has been associated with both genetic...
597
Analysis of Population Pharmacokinetic Data01:12

Analysis of Population Pharmacokinetic Data

634
Analysis of population pharmacokinetic data involves studying the behavior of drugs within diverse populations to understand their pharmacokinetic parameters. Traditional pharmacokinetic methods typically involve collecting samples from a few individuals and estimating these parameters. While these methods are commonly used, they have limitations in capturing the variability in drug response among individuals or heterogeneous populations. Population pharmacokinetics is employed to address these...
634
Treatment Strategies for Psychological Disorders01:24

Treatment Strategies for Psychological Disorders

528
Treatment approaches for psychological disorders fall into three main categories: psychological, biological, and sociocultural. Each approach targets different aspects of mental health, requiring varying levels of education and training.
Psychological therapies focus on modifying emotions, thoughts, and behaviors through talking, interpreting, listening, rewarding, challenging, and modeling. Clinical psychologists, counselors, and social workers commonly practice psychotherapy. Clinical...
528
Mechanistic Models: Compartment Models in Individual and Population Analysis01:23

Mechanistic Models: Compartment Models in Individual and Population Analysis

216
Mechanistic models are utilized in individual analysis using single-source data, but imperfections arise due to data collection errors, preventing perfect prediction of observed data. The mathematical equation involves known values (Xi), observed concentrations (Ci), measurement errors (εi), model parameters (ϕj), and the related function (ƒi) for i number of values. Different least-squares metrics quantify differences between predicted and observed values. The ordinary least...
216

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Development and acceptability of gist-based decision aids for prostate and breast cancer screening: a two-phase qualitative interview study in an online setting.

BMJ open·2026
Same author

Patient Engagement With an Electronic Patient-Reported Outcomes Tool Evaluating Hospital Discharge Readiness After Cancer Surgery.

JCO oncology practice·2026
Same author

Nerve Blocks for Mastectomy with Reconstruction: Reply.

Anesthesiology·2026
Same author

ASO Visual Abstract: Identifying Predictors of Delayed Ambulation After Minimally Invasive Gynecologic Oncology Surgery.

Annals of surgical oncology·2026
Same author

AI model predicts patient outcomes from surgical gestures and provides insights into explainability.

npj digital surgery·2026
Same author

Identifying Predictors of Delayed Ambulation After Minimally Invasive Gynecologic Oncology Surgery.

Annals of surgical oncology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 4, 2026

The Innovation Arena: A Method for Comparing Innovative Problem-Solving Across Groups
14:14

The Innovation Arena: A Method for Comparing Innovative Problem-Solving Across Groups

Published on: May 13, 2022

6.3K

The Predictive Approaches to Treatment effect Heterogeneity (PATH) Statement.

David M Kent1, Jessica K Paulus1, David van Klaveren2

  • 1Predictive Analytics and Comparative Effectiveness (PACE) Center, Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts (D.M.K., J.K.P., J.B.W.).

Annals of Internal Medicine
|November 12, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This statement introduces predictive analysis for treatment effect heterogeneity (HTE), offering patient-centered risk estimates by considering all patient attributes simultaneously. It guides using risk-modeling and effect-modeling approaches for better clinical decision-making in randomized controlled trials.

More Related Videos

Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting Propensity Score using the Military Health System Data Repository and National Death Index
06:55

Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting Propensity Score using the Military Health System Data Repository and National Death Index

Published on: January 8, 2020

15.0K
Problem-Solving Before Instruction PS-I: A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities
10:26

Problem-Solving Before Instruction PS-I: A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities

Published on: September 11, 2021

4.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 4, 2026

The Innovation Arena: A Method for Comparing Innovative Problem-Solving Across Groups
14:14

The Innovation Arena: A Method for Comparing Innovative Problem-Solving Across Groups

Published on: May 13, 2022

6.3K
Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting Propensity Score using the Military Health System Data Repository and National Death Index
06:55

Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting Propensity Score using the Military Health System Data Repository and National Death Index

Published on: January 8, 2020

15.0K
Problem-Solving Before Instruction PS-I: A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities
10:26

Problem-Solving Before Instruction PS-I: A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities

Published on: September 11, 2021

4.3K

Area of Science:

  • Biostatistics
  • Clinical Trials
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Heterogeneity of treatment effect (HTE) traditionally assessed via subgroup analyses in RCTs.
  • Subgroup analyses examine one variable at a time, limiting comprehensive understanding of HTE.
  • Predictive HTE analysis offers a patient-centered approach considering multiple attributes simultaneously.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present guidance on predictive HTE analysis as an alternative to traditional subgroup analyses.
  • To introduce the PATH (Predictive Approaches to Treatment effect Heterogeneity) Statement.
  • To provide patient-centered estimates of treatment effects by considering all relevant patient attributes.

Main Methods:

  • Developed using a multidisciplinary expert panel, literature reviews, and simulations.
  • Distinguishes between risk-modeling and effect-modeling approaches for predictive HTE.
  • Guidance developed on criteria for risk-modeling, methodology, clinical translation, and effect-modeling caveats.

Main Results:

  • Predictive HTE analysis aims to provide differential absolute treatment effects, crucial for clinical decisions.
  • Risk-modeling approach uses multivariable models to predict outcomes and disaggregate patient risk.
  • Effect-modeling approach incorporates treatment assignment and covariate interactions within RCT data.

Conclusions:

  • The PATH Statement offers guidance for future HTE analyses and reporting in randomized controlled trials.
  • Predictive HTE analysis enhances patient-centered care by providing tailored treatment effect estimates.
  • Both risk-modeling and effect-modeling approaches can predict clinically relevant variations in treatment benefit.