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Surnames in modern Russia.

Valeriy Yumaguzin1, Maria Vinnik1

  • 1Institute of Demography, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia.

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|November 13, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This study analyzed Russian surnames using a large cell phone database, revealing Ivanov as the most common name. The research highlights the diverse origins and regional distribution of Russian surnames, reflecting historical settlement patterns.

Keywords:
Muslim surnamesRussian surnamesSurnamesethnicitymigration

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Area of Science:

  • Onomastics
  • Population Genetics
  • Sociolinguistics

Background:

  • Previous Russian surname studies relied on outdated, inconsistent data with limited scope.
  • Existing research often excluded migrant populations and non-ethnic Russian individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate contemporary Russian surnames, including those of migrants, as of January 2019.
  • To provide an updated and comprehensive analysis of surname prevalence and distribution in Russia.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a large dataset of 29 million individuals and 380,000 unique surnames from cell phone subscriber data.
  • Analyzed surname frequency and regional distribution across Russia.

Main Results:

  • Identified Ivanov as the most common surname in Russia, with Kuznetsov, Smirnov, Popov, and Petrov also in the top five.
  • Found 31% of surnames to be of non-Russian origin (e.g., Turkic, Armenian, Jewish).
  • Established a core of 14,000 surnames used by 70% of the population and noted higher surname diversity in areas of active population exchange.

Conclusions:

  • Regional surname distribution patterns reflect historical settlement dynamics.
  • The diversity of surnames underscores Russia's ethnic, cultural, and religious plurality.