Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 4, 2026
12:38
State-Dependency Effects on TMS: A Look at Motive Phosphene Behavior
Published on: December 28, 2010
10.9K
Pathological changes induced by phosphine poisoning: a study on 8 children.
Yue Liang1, Fang Tong1, Fang Huang1
1Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Hankou, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
International Journal of Legal Medicine
|November 13, 2019
Summary
Aluminum phosphide (ALP) poisoning, caused by phosphine (PH3) gas, leads to severe global damage, particularly neurotoxicity. Oxidative stress is a key mechanism in PH3-induced neuronal death, affecting major organs.
Area of Science:
- Toxicology
- Forensic Pathology
- Neuroscience
Background:
- Aluminum phosphide (ALP) is a widely used pesticide, rodenticide, and fumigant.
- The active ingredient, phosphine (PH3), poses a significant risk of accidental poisoning with high mortality.
- PH3 exposure causes widespread damage throughout the human body.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the pathological changes resulting from phosphine (PH3) poisoning.
- To determine the role of oxidative stress in PH3-induced neurotoxicity.
- To analyze histopathological and immunohistochemical findings in fatal PH3 poisoning cases.
Main Methods:
- Review of 4 fatal accidents involving 8 children with PH3 poisoning.
- Histopathological examination of major organs.
- Immunohistochemistry (IHC) to assess oxidative stress markers (4HNE, 8-OH-dG, 3-NT).
Main Results:
- Severe neurological damage including neuronal, axonal, and vascular injuries.
- Increased expression of oxidative stress markers (4HNE, 8-OH-dG, 3-NT) in the brain.
- Significant myocardial and hepatocellular fatty degeneration in heart and liver tissues.
Conclusions:
- Oxidative stress is a critical mechanism in PH3-induced neurotoxicity and neuronal death.
- Characteristic pathological changes, including fatty degeneration, are suggestive of PH3 poisoning.
- Findings contribute to understanding PH3 toxicity mechanisms, potentially involving mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation inhibition.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:26Anticholinesterase Agents: Poisoning and Treatment
1.4K
Anticholinesterases, also known as cholinesterase inhibitors, work by blocking the breakdown of acetylcholine, leading to its accumulation in the synaptic cleft. This accumulation indirectly enhances both muscarinic and nicotinic actions. These agents are classified as reversible or irreversible based on their mechanism of action.
Irreversible agents form a strong bond with the cholinesterase enzyme, making it inactive. The breakdown of the phosphorylated enzyme is...
Irreversible agents form a strong bond with the cholinesterase enzyme, making it inactive. The breakdown of the phosphorylated enzyme is...
1.4K
01:24Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism
156
In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...
156
01:23Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption
206
Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
206
01:29Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology
2.4K
The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:
2.4K
01:26Physical Properties of Amines
4.0K
Amines with low molecular weight are usually gaseous at room temperature, while those with high molecular weight are liquid or solids in nature. Usually, low molecular weight amines have a rotten fish-like smell. Diamines typically have a pungent smell. For instance, cadaverine and putrescine, depicted in Figure 1, are two molecules responsible for decaying tissue.
4.0K
01:26Toxic Reactions: Overview
1.7K
When toxic substances penetrate the human body, they disseminate to various tissues, undergoing metabolic changes. This process yields reactive metabolites that may covalently bind with specific target molecules, resulting in toxicity.
Toxicity falls into two primary categories: local and systemic.
Local toxicity appears at the exposure site, such as protein denaturation caused by caustic substances.
In contrast, systemic toxicity requires the toxic agent's absorption and distribution,...
Toxicity falls into two primary categories: local and systemic.
Local toxicity appears at the exposure site, such as protein denaturation caused by caustic substances.
In contrast, systemic toxicity requires the toxic agent's absorption and distribution,...
1.7K