Fast and sensitive detection of acrolein in environmental water samples without derivatization using liquid...

A fast and sensitive SPE-LC-MS/MS method for the determination of acrolein in environmental water samples using activated charcoal as SPE adsorbent was developed. The novelty of this study consists in acrolein extraction, separation and detection without the need of a derivatization process. Physicochemical properties of acrolein, such as low molecular weight and high polarity represent real challenges for extraction, separation, and detection of this pollutant using SPE-LC-MS/MS. These were addressed by choosing a suitable chromatographic column which ensures a good peak symmetry and retention for the analyte, as well as the choice of SPE adsorbent suitable for retaining very polar compounds like acrolein from the aqueous matrix. The chromatographic column was a Synergi Fusion RP (150 × 2.0 mm, 4.0 μm) with a C18 stationary phase modified with polar embedded amide groups. Activated charcoal adsorbent used as SPE extraction media was able to extract efficiently highly polar molecules such as acrolein and ¹³C₃-acrylamide (internal standard) from water samples. Using this method, the obtained extraction recovery for acrolein was 88% at a 50 ng/L concentration level. Overall method quantitation limit (LOQ) for acrolein in water was established at 3.8 ng/L. The newly developed SPE-LC-MS/MS method was successfully applied to detect acrolein occurrence in wastewater and drinking water samples. Acrolein level in these samples ranged from LOQ to 122 ng/L.