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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 4, 2026

Computed Tomography and Optical Imaging of Osteogenesis-angiogenesis Coupling to Assess Integration of Cranial Bone Autografts and Allografts

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Published on: December 22, 2015

Bone foramen dimensions and blood flow calculation: best practices.

Qiaohui Hu¹, Thomas J Nelson¹, Roger S Seymour¹

¹School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.

Journal of Anatomy

|November 13, 2019

Summary

This study compares methods for measuring bone foramen size to estimate blood flow and tissue metabolic rate. Microphotography is recommended as a standard method due to its ease of use.

Keywords:

blood flow computed tomography scan foramen impression material casting microphotography

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Area of Science:

Bone biology
Vascular anatomy
Physiological measurement

Background:

Bone foramina size is used to estimate blood flow and tissue metabolic rate.
Standardized methods are needed to minimize measurement errors in foramen studies.
The 'foramen technique' is gaining interest for physiological research.

Purpose of the Study:

To detail microphotographic and micro-CT methods for measuring foramen dimensions.
To introduce and evaluate a new impression material method for foramen measurement.
To compare the accuracy and precision of different foramen dimension measurement techniques.

Main Methods:

Microphotography of external foramen openings.
Micro-computerized tomography (micro-CT) for detailed 3D analysis.
Impression material method for creating physical replicas of foramina.

Main Results:

All three methods (microphotography, micro-CT, impression material) yield precise and accurate foramen dimension values.
Each method has inherent limitations.
Microphotography is suggested as the standard due to ease of use; alternative methods offer more detailed shape information.

Conclusions:

Microphotography is a practical standard for foramen dimension measurement.
Alternative methods provide valuable data on foramen shape for complex anatomical situations.
Foramen size, combined with artery wall-lumen ratio, can estimate blood flow rates, with relative indices possible when veins or nerves are present.